Research Article Therapeutic Effect of Murine Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells and Human Placental Extract on Testicular Toxicity Resulting from Doxorubicin in Rats Mervat Ahmed AbdRabou , 1 Ahmed B. M. Mehany , 2 Islam M. Farrag, 3 Amany Belal , 4 Othman F. Abdelzaher , 2 Abdou El-Sharkawy , 5,6 Asmaa M. Abd El-Azez , 7 Salah M. EL-Sharkawy , 2 and Manal H. Al Badawi 8 1 Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia 2 Zoology Department Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt 3 Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt 4 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia 5 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt 6 Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia 7 Zoology Department, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt 8 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt Correspondence should be addressed to Ahmed B. M. Mehany; abelal_81@azhar.edu.eg Received 29 March 2021; Revised 22 June 2021; Accepted 17 July 2021; Published 9 August 2021 Academic Editor: Elena Baralla Copyright © 2021 Mervat Ahmed AbdRabou et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Oncotherapeutics like doxorubicin can affect male gonads; as a result, it leads to infertility. This work was conducted to demonstrate the toxic effects of doxorubicin on testes of male albino rats. Fifty male albino rats aged 5-7 weeks were used in this study. The animals were randomly separated into 5 sets (each set containing ten rats). Group I received saline (i.p.) for 4 weeks. Group II was given doxorubicin (DOX), 5 mg/kg BW (i.p.) once/week for 4 weeks. Groups III and IV were treated in the same way as the DOX group, left for one week without medication, and then injected with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) or human placental extract (HPE) therapy in a single dose of 5 × 10 6 in 200 ml PRP/week or 40 μl placental extract for 4 weeks via the caudal vein. Group V rats were treated in the same way as the DOX group also, left for one week without medication, and then injected with MSC+HPE. A significant decrease in serum testosterone, FSH, and LH levels was observed in rats treated with DOX compared to the control group. A significant elevation was recorded in rats treated with DOX+MSC or DOX+HPE when compared with the DOX group only. Rats that were given MSC+HPE after DOX intoxication showed a significant increase in hormone levels when compared to rats treated with either MSC or HPE. Light and electron microscopic examinations revealed that DOX intoxication initiated degenerative and necrotic changes in seminiferous tubules associated with partial or complete cessation of spermatogenesis. These effects were reversed by the effect of MSC or HPE. Coadministration of MSC and HPE even showed further improvement. Finally, we can say that doxorubicin has a deleterious impact on rat testes; however, therapeutic effects can be induced through MSC and/or HPE administration. 1. Introduction Oncotherapy includes systromalatic administration of agents that have cytotoxicity on cells [1]. Most of these agents can- not differentiate between the healthy and malignant cells; they accumulate in normal tissues resulting in cytotoxicities [2]. In recent years, temporary or permanent effects on male fertility are resulting from oncotherapeutic agents, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy [3]. The World Health Organization (WHO) considers marriage to Hindawi BioMed Research International Volume 2021, Article ID 9979670, 13 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9979670