Low Voltage Floating Supply in Monolithic High
Voltage Technology for High dV/dt Applications
E. Dallago, S. Ruzza, G. Venchi
Power Electronics Laboratory
Department of Electrical Engineering
University of Pavia
Via Ferrata 1 – 27100 Pavia – Italy
Email: [dallago,ruzza,pepo]@power0.unipv.it
S. Morini
International Rectifier
IC Motion Group
Via Trieste 25 – 27100 Pavia – Italy
Email: smorini1@irf.com
Abstract- This paper presents two alternative evolutions of the
previous presented floating power supply in monolithic high
voltage technology. These circuits are used for feeding front-end
circuitry realized inside the floating pocket of a current sensor
chip which transduces the phase current of a triphase AC
servodrive motor. The main feature of this supply is that the
floating n-epi pocket it is realized in, is biased with a voltage
lower than the maximum voltage value present in the pocket
itself.
The presented schemes are not affected by the charge injection
problem caused by high dV/dt typical of this applications. Results
of the most relevant simulations are reported. The circuits have
been included in two test chip whose microphotograph is shown.
I. INTRODUCTION
In AC servodrive applications driven by a triphase
inverter the phase current is often sensed using a shunt resistor
connected between the X node and the load (see Fig.1). In
fact, in such applications, the control of the motor torque is
fundamental to improve the performance of the servodrive.
Being the torque proportional to the phase current, it is
necessary to have this data available at each instant. On the
contrary, using a shunt resistor on the DC- of the inverter or in
series to the IGBT emitter terminal makes the current data
available only for short periods of time alternated with blind
intervals.
A current sensor chip realized in monolithic high voltage
technology transduces the voltage signal provided by the shunt
on the motor phase. Since the shunt signal is available
continuously, it is possible to realize an input filter for the
front-end circuitry which removes current harmonic
components useless for the control [1].
In such applications, front-end circuitry are included in a
floating n-epi pocket referred to the X node, epitaxialy grown
on a p-type substrate. This pocket is characterized by a
particular geometric shape that allows the n-epi/p-sub junction
to withstand a high reverse-bias voltage. Resurf
®
technique
[2-6] is generally employed to properly shape the electrical
field. Therefore, the junction breakdown can be as much as
1200V. In this way, useful signal can be acquired by rejecting
the common mode present on the X node (DC+ or DC- in
Fig.1).
Typically, a bootstrap capacitor (C
B
), is used to supply the
floating side of the chip. Capacitor C
B
is charged by a 15V
source (V
A
) when the low side IGBT is closed, while it
provides V
FX
=15V when the high side IGBT is closed, to
comply with power transistor drive requirements. Supply
voltage V
FX
is affected by significant amount of ripple due to
the charging and discharging cycles on C
B
.
High voltage technologies can benefit from the continuous
size reduction of the MOSFETs to develop signal processing
parts. In fact, the used technology provides 2µm, 20V
MOSFETs and high performance 0.5µm, 5V MOSFETs.
If V
FX
is used to bias the floating n-epi pocket and to supply
the front-end circuitry, this signal circuitry needs to be
realized with 20V MOSFETs. Hence, to exploit the 5V
MOSFETs, a structure called Low Voltage Floating Supply
(LVFS) must be realized which is capable of deriving a stable
low voltage supply from the V
FX
voltage.
Different solutions of LVFS could be implemented [7]. Some
of these increase the costs or have a negative impact on the
performances of the realized system. Others need a
modification of some process steps which require expensive
and time consuming qualifications of the entire process.
Two topologies which allow a fully integrated LVFS to be
realized in the same n-epi pocket where front-end circuitry is
implemented have been presented in [8] and are briefly
described in section II. In inverter applications they are
affected by charge injection phenomena during dV/dt and this
issue is also described in section II. The improved topologies
are presented in section III, while the results of the most
important simulations are reported in section IV.
II. THE PROPOSED LVFS STRUCTURE
The proposed structure the LVFS topology to be realized
in the same n-epi pocket where front-end circuitry is
implemented. Therefore, the n-epi pocket is biased directly by
the output voltage of the LVFS circuit and not by V
FX
, which
is the maximum voltage value available in the pocket. Being
the technology designed to be used with the floating n-epi
pocket biased by the voltage supply V
FX
, which is also the
highest voltage value it contains, it was necessary to ensure
that all junctions were reverse-biased under all working
conditions. This result was obtained connecting to V
FX
only
the drain terminal of n-channel MOSFETs in 20V technology
and polysilicon resistors, (insulated because of their physical
structure). The n-channel provided the supply output V
OUT
=5V
1024 1-4244-0655-2/07/$20.00©2007 IEEE