ISSN 1923-1555[Print]
ISSN 1923-1563[Online]
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Studies in Literature and Language
Vol. 10, No. 2, 2015, pp. 19-25
DOI: 10.3968/6196
19
Copyright © Canadian Academy of Oriental and Occidental Culture
Islam and Terrorism in Post 9/11
th
Literature
Salim E. Al-Ibia
[a],*
[a]
English Department, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan.
*
Corresponding author.
Received 6 November 2014; accepted 10 January 2015
Published online 26 February 2015
Abstract
Although it has been always difficult to provide an
adequate and comprehensive definition of “Terrorism”,
Islam has been falsely and closely associated with this
concept in post 9/11
th
literature. Focusing on Joseph
Geha’s Alone and All Together (2002), Laila Halaby’s
Once on a Promised Land (2007), and Mohsin Hamid’s
the Reluctant Fundamentalist (2007), I explain how
Islam and the Arabic identity—which relates to Islam in
one way or another—become responsible for the misery
experienced by the Arab-American minority after the
terrorist attacks of 9/11
th
. In the aforementioned works,
Islam and the Arab ethnicity are entrapped under the
strong feelings of patriotism and Americanism in post
9/11 United States. Islam falsely becomes the religion of
terrorists who are referred to as radical Arabs and who are
not recognized as patriotic citizens of the United States.
Key words: Islam; Terrorism; Arab-American identity
Al-Ibia, S. E. (2015). Islam and Terrorism in Post 9/11
th
Literature.
Studies in Literature and Language, 10 (2), 19-25. Available
from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/6196
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/6196
INTRODUCTION
Terrorism is one of the most challenging concepts that
might not be easily defined. Nevertheless, many people
use the concept out of context to refer to Muslims as
potential suspects of awful crimes in recent times. Thus, I
do believe that the misconception of associating terrorism
with Islam might be located in a larger continuum of
religious discrimination against others. The laws of our
own young century have failed to end religious bias and
discrimination among religious groups and different
religions and as a result against the other. I use the
word “other” in a religious sense rather than racial or
postcolonial ones. But because our contemporary laws
prohibit the obvious discrimination of any type including
the religious one, some hateful people cannot express
their religious hatred of the other publically. Interestingly,
people have developed some tricky concepts to avoid
the legal responsibility of expressing religiously hateful
ideas.
Such tricky concepts include the use of the word
“extremist” or “fundamentalist” in front of the targeted
religious group. For instance, we have recently heard of
“extremist Muslims” or “extremist Christians” to refer
to “terrorists” which is in turn another tricky concept.
It is widely understood that the words “extremist” and
“fundamentalist” have some negative connotations when
associated with religious groups. In using these tricky
concepts, we attempt to separate Christians from extremist
ones and extremist Muslims from the Muslims. But these
religious extremists or fundamentalists should never be
religiously different from others in their religious group; if
they are different from their religious group, they should
not be referred to extremist or fundamentalist members
of it. In other words, I do not believe in having extremist
Christians and non-extremist ones. The same applies to
Islam. I do not believe in having extremists and non-
extremist Muslims. I wholeheartedly believe that these
extremists neither belong to Christianity nor do they
belong to Islam. But because some people still cannot
have enough respect for the other who does not belong to
their religious group and because they cannot coexist with
others, and because the modern laws prohibit religious
discrimination, they came up with the false classifications
of extremists and non-extremist or fundamentalist and non-
fundamentalist groups. These are hateful classifications,