International Journal of Advanced Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering (IJARECE) Volume 3, Issue 11, November 2014 1618 ISSN: 2278 – 909X All Rights Reserved © 2014 IJARECE Collation of DSR, ZRP and FSR Routing Protocols in Sub Urban Environment of Vehicular Networks D.Priyanga #1 , T.V.P.Sundararajan *2 , S.Subhashini #3 , Sanjana Prasad *4 PG Scholar, ECE Department, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Erode, India. Professor, ECE Department, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Erode, India. PG Scholar, ECE Department, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Erode, India. PG Scholar, ECE Department, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Erode, India. Abstract– The increasing demand of wireless communication and the needs of new wireless devices have tend to research on self organizing, self healing networks without the interference of centralized or pre-established infrastructure/authority. Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANET) is the subclass of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs). The communication may be of 3 types- 1.inter-vehicle communication 2.vehicle to roadside communication 3.inter-roadside communication i.e communication between roadside unit and the base station. Network connectivity is the key factor for frequent link breakage and high mobility of vehicles as it greatly affects the VANET performance. Performance of communication between vehicles depends on various routing protocols. In the following sections we compare DSR, ZRP and FSR in sub urban environment based on their performance metrics. Keywords─ connectivity, VANET, wireless, routing protocols I. INTRODUCTION The topology based routing protocols are further divided into three different categories for vehicular ad-hoc data networks, according to [6]: Proactive, reactive and hybrid.The first is a proactive routing protocol, which relies on the periodic broadcast of data network topology. In these protocols the tables updating regularly and send the information from one node to another. Proactive routing protocols also called the table driven protocols due to its nature. There are two types of updating available in proactive protocol. They are periodic update and triggered update which are due to broadcast the update tables they waste power and bandwidth in the network[7]. In proactive protocols, table size is increase when nodes are added in networks due to this the load increase. Because of this, Fisheye State Routing (FSR) protocol is proposed. The second category, reactive routing protocols which are opposite to proactive protocols they cannot maintain tables when the topology changes. In these types of protocols, the query floods into the network when a source node want to transmit the data and discovered route is stored until other node is in accessible. They deal cache routes and how routes replies and led. One of the popular reactive protocols is Dynamic Source Routing (DSR). Third one is hybrid routing protocol which is combination of both proactive and reactive routing protocols. One of most popular example is ZRP(Zone Routing Protocol). II. DESCRIPTION OF TOPOLOGICAL ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN VANET In this section, we will give a brief description about the most common topological routing protocols implemented in Qualnet 5.0, namely, Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) and Fisheye State Routing Protocol (FSR). A. Dynamic Source Routing Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) is on- demand routing protocol that was specifically designed for use in multi-hop vehicular ad-hoc networks [8].and it is completely self organizing protocol. It has two mechanisms: 1) Route Discovery: Route discovery is the process that the DSR algorithm uses to find a route to send a packet from source to destination. When no route is present the source node transmits a route request (RREQ). Each node broadcasts the message until it reaches the destination. Each route request carries a sequence number which is used to prevent loop formations and to avoid multiple transmissions of the same route request by an intermediate node. Sequence number is generated by the source node based on the path it has traversed. Once the packets reached at the destination node, that node will send back a route reply (RREP) to the source. The