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International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 2018; 6(2): 42-46
E-ISSN: 2347-5129
P-ISSN: 2394-0506
(ICV-Poland) Impact Value: 5.62
(GIF) Impact Factor: 0.549
IJFAS 2018; 6(2): 42-46
© 2018 IJFAS
www.fisheriesjournal.com
Received: 19-01-2018
Accepted: 20-02-2018
Nasrullah Bai Arifin
Department of Aquaculture,
Faculty of Fisheries and Marine
Science, University of
Brawijaya, Jl Veteran, Malang,
Indonesia
Muhammad Fakhri
Laboratory of Biochemistry and
Fish Nutrition, Faculty of
Fisheries and Marine Science,
University of Brawijaya, Jl
Veteran, Malang, Indonesia
Ating Yuniarti
Laboratory of Biochemistry and
Fish Nutrition, Faculty of
Fisheries and Marine Science,
University of Brawijaya, Jl
Veteran, Malang, Indonesia
Anik Martinah Hariati
Laboratory of Biochemistry and
Fish Nutrition, Faculty of
Fisheries and Marine Science,
University of Brawijaya, Jl
Veteran, Malang, Indonesia
Correspondence
Nasrullah Bai Arifin
Department of Aquaculture,
Faculty of Fisheries and Marine
Science, University of
Brawijaya, Jl Veteran, Malang,
Indonesia
Phytoplankton community at intensive cultivation
system of whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei in
Probolinggo, East Java
Nasrullah Bai Arifin, Muhammad Fakhri, Ating Yuniarti, and Anik
Martinah Hariati
Abstract
Phytoplankton is a source of natural feed for shrimp cultivation in the pond. Phytoplankton productivity
increases by the increasing nutrient content in the pond. Feed and metabolic waste is the sources of
nutrient for phytoplankton growth. This study aimed to evaluate productivity and identify phytoplankton
at intensive whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei cultivation system. This study was conducted at
three intensive whiteleg shrimp located in Probolinggo, East Java. Samples were collected on the early
and the late of culture period (day 17 and 87 after stocking). Four environmental parameters including
total of ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrate, orthophosphate, total of suspended solid (TSS), and
chlorophyll-a were measured. Identification and density of phytoplankton were also performed of each
pond. The results showed that productivity of three ponds was 22,893.83 kg/ha to 23,600.61 kg/ha with
an average size 12.74 g to 14.35 g. During culture period, the concentration of TAN, TSS and
chlorophyll-a tended to increase. Meanwhile, the average of both nitrate and orthophosphate tended to
decline. Several phytoplankton identified in this study were in the genus of Oocystis, Chlorella,
Nannochloropsis, Chaetoceros, Stephanodiscus, Nitzschia, Coscinodiscus, Cyclotella and Ulothrix.
Phytoplankton of the group Chlorophyta is predominance for pond 1 and 2, while pond 3 was dominated
by phytoplankton in the group of Diatom/Baccillariophyta. This study indicated that the present of
phytoplankton in the pond provide natural feed and good environmental condition for shrimp cultivation.
Keywords: phytoplankton, intensive cultivation system, whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei
Introduction
Shrimp culture industry in Indonesia has been started at east java province in 1980
[1]
, and
became one of the most important of aquaculture activities untill today
[2]
. In 2002, whiteleg
shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei was introduced and has been cultured around Indonesia,
particularly in east java. In 2014, Indonesia government target shrimp production
approximately 699.000 tons through intensification program
[3]
. Intensive shrimp culture is
characterized by the use of qualified and quantified feed and also high stocking density in one
pond
[4]
. In intensive shrimp culture, water exchange is the general method to reduce organic
material accumulation both from uneaten feed and metabolic waste to improve water quality
[5]
. However, minimum or zero water exchange strategies have been practiced since 2001 in
Indonesia
[1]
. Minimum or zero water exchange strategies in intensive shrimp culture
frequently associated with biofloc technology. Biofloc is defined as macroaggregate consist of
microalgae, feces, death organism, bacteria, protist and invertebrate
[6]
. The basic of biofloc
technology is the application of nitrogen cycle in fish or shrimp culture in stagnant water by
stimulating microbial growth assimilated nitrogen waste converted as natural feed for fish or
shrimp
[7]
. Galvez et al.
[8]
demonstrated that in biofloc integrated system plankton
communities changed with the decreasing of number of Cyanobacteria and increasing of
number of Heterokontophyta and Chlorophyta. On the other hand, the number of protozoa
decreased while Rotifera and Cladocera increased. The increasing of plankton of communities
might stimulate growth of shrimp in biofloc system. Similar pattern was also demonstrated in
the previous study that the pond contained high total suspended solid, TSS (1.413,6 mg/L) and
without water exchange had low feed conversion ratio and higher productivity than that of the
pond containing lower TSS (411 mg/L)
[9]
. The result demonstrated by Fakhri et al.
[9]