A Huge True Axillobrachial Aneurysm Following Arteriovenous Fistula Ligation 1 Selçuk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Konya, Turkey 2 Konya Farabi Hospital, Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery, Konya, Turkey Orhan Atilla 1 , Ufuk Özergin 2 DOI: 10.32596/ejcm.galenos.2018.00036 Case Report Aneurysmal degeneration of the upper limb arteries is a rare entity. We discuss the clinical characteristics, surgical options for a huge true axillobrachial artery aneurysm following arteriovenous fistula closure after renal transplantation. The underlying pathogenesis of the true axillobrachial artery aneurysm remains unclear. The current theory is that the adaptive arterial wall enlargement is secondary to the increased flow in the inflow artery. Immunosuppressive therapy and corticosteroids contribute to the aneurysm formation. Surgical treatment strategies including aneurysmal excision, bypass with autogenous or prosthetic grafts are the primary therapeutic options. We believe that this case is especially helpful for young surgeons. Abstract Introduction Aneurysmal degeneration of the upper limb arteries is a rare entity (1). A true aneurysm formation that is proximal to the inflow artery after closing an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a rare complication (2), and the underlying pathogenesis of a true axillobrachial artery aneurysm (TABA) remains unclear (3). The current theory is that the adaptive arterial wall enlargement is secondary to the increased flow in the inflow artery (3), and immunosuppressive therapy and corticosteroids contribute to aneurysm formation (2). Surgical treatment, including excision and bypass, is the primary therapeutic option (1). The surgeons must be careful to identify patients with a TABA in order to provide the required surgery in time. Address for Correspondence: Atilla ORHAN, Selçuk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Phone: +90 532 264 91 84 e-mail: atillaorhan@gmail.com Received: 21.06.2018 Accepted: 06.08.2018 The abstract of this document was also submitted for the EACTS and ESTS annual meetings and it has been accepted o be published in the suitable one.