JOURNAL OF SCIECNCE TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION 7(3), SEPTEMBER, 2019
ISSN: 2277-0011; Journal homepage: www.atbuftejoste.com
*Corresponding author: Aishatu Abdullahi Ibrahim. liberianspirit@gmail.com Department of Curriculum Studies &
Educational Technology, Usmanu Danfodio University, Sokoto. © 2019 Fac of Techn. Education, ATBU Bauchi. All rights reserved
258
Appraising Second Language Acquisition Theory and English Language Teaching
and Learning in Nigeria
Aisha Abdullahi Ibrahim, Mukhtar Hamisu
Department of curriculum Studies and Educational Technology
Faculty of Education and Extension Services
Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto
ABSTRACT
This paper appraised the concept of Second Language Acquisition (SLA) and the
current reports on the teaching and learning of English language in Nigeria. It
highlighted the Second Language Acquisition (SLA) theory formulated by Krashen
in 1981. The theory famously known as input hypothesis was purposively chosen
to analyze its possible application in English language teaching methodology,
students learning, and English language teaching and learning resources
development in Nigeria. The five principles of Krashen’s hypothesis: acquisition-
learning, the natural order, the monitor, the input, and affective filter were
outlined. The paper strongly argued that for effective English language
performance, English language instruction must be informed and supported by
Second Language Acquisition (SLA) theories in order to create and provide
enabling environment that offer students comprehensive English language input
and encourage them to provide meaningful language output.
INTRODUCTION
Teaching English language in Nigeria is very
important due to the position that English language
occupies in the country. Researchers in language
education in the country have begun to take it
seriously. It has become apparent to know that
students of English language considered themselves
successful when they can communicate effectively in
it (Nazara, 2011). Communicative competence in
English language serves as a pivot for academic and
professional success for the students. Regardless of
the reason, teachers of English language have to place
greater emphasis on finding modern ways to
incorporate Second Language Acquisition (SLA)
theory in their English language classroom teaching
practice. This paper argues that for effective English
language performance, English language teaching
methodologies, students’ learning, and English
language teaching and learning resources must be
informed and supported by Second Language
Acquisition (SLA) theories in order to create and
provide enabling environment that offer students
comprehensive input and encourage them to provide
meaningful performance. The paper appraises the
concept of Secondary Language Acquisition (SLA) and
applies Krashen (1981) SLA theory for effective
English language classroom instruction.
Second Language Acquisition (SLA)
Second Language Acquisition (SLA) refers to
the study of the processes through which people
learn another or other languages in addition to their
first language (Teadira, 2008). The term, SLA, is
commonly used after Krashen’s (1981) distinction
between ‘language acquisition’ and ‘language
learning’. According to him, ‘language acquisition’
involves a subconscious learning process in which
children are exposed to meaningful interaction and
natural language communication in order to convey
meaning and infer rules of the language. ‘Language
learning’, on the other hand, is linked to systematic
instruction and the mastery of grammatical accurate
utterances through error correction. Thus language
acquisition involves implicit learning process whereby
the learning takes place without ones knowledge.
And, language learning involves the systematic
program of presenting the input to the learner to
learn.
Second language can be learnt in two
different situations (Pritchard, 2003): the first is in the
environment where second language is the language
of the majority, and the second is in a classroom. In
natural environment settings (where second
language is the language of the majority), language
leaner is exposed to the second language freely at
every time under uncontrolled communications. In
the natural environment settings, language user uses
the language freely to expresses himself. In classroom
situation, second language is not used in everyday life
and the amount of time used for language learning is
very limited. However, the classroom setting deals
ARTICLE INFO
Article History
Received: March, 2019
Received in revised form: July, 2019
Accepted: August, 2019
Published online: September, 2019
KEYWORDS
Instructional resources, Secondary
Schools, Language Learning