Jurnal ILMU DASAR, Vol. 23 No. 1, Januari 2022 : 43-48 43 Journal homepage: https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/JID Cardioprotective Effect of Chloroform Extract of Arcangelisia flava on Doxorubicin-induced Cardiomyopathy Andika Dewi Ramadhani, Rizqy Kiromin Baroroh, Dinda Maharany, Evi Umayah Ulfa, Endah Puspitasari *) Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jember * E-mail: e.puspitasari@unej.ac.id ABSTRACT Long-term use of doxorubicin as cancer chemotherapeutic agent would cause tissue toxicity, including cardiotoxicity. Arcangelisia flava is suggested to have cardio protective effect. This study aimed to determine the effect of chloroform extract of A. flava leaves on cardio histopathology of doxorubicin-treated Wistar white male rats. Wistar male rats were divided into four groups (1) control group; (2) doxorubicin 7.5 mg/kgBW intraperitoneally twice (day 1 and 6); (3) doxorubicin + chloroform extract of A. flava leaves 250 mg/kgBW/day orally for 11 days; (4) Chloroform extract of A. flava leaves 250 mg/kgBW/day orallly for 11 days. At the 12 th day, the rats were sacrificed; the heart organ was taken to make histopathological preparations and analyzed using HE staining. Vacuolization and necrosis are the parameters used in evaluating this effect. The phytochemical screening was also done to determine the compounds in chloroform extract of A. flava leaves. Based on the HE staining, chloroform extract of A. flava leaves decreased the cardiotoxicity caused by doxorubicin. The phytochemical screening showed that chloroform extract of A. flava leaves contains flavonoid, tannin, alkaloid, and triterpenoid. The cardioprotective effect of chloroform extract of A. flava leaves was suggested to be contributed by the flavonoid, tannin, and triterpenoid. Keywords: chloroform extract of Arcangelisia flava, doxorubicin-treated rat, cardio protective, phytochemical screening. INTRODUCTION Cancer is caused by the abnormal and uncontrolled body tissue cells growth. WHO reports that 1 cancer patient dies every 11 minutes and new cancer case appears every 3 minutes (Brundtland, 2003). Cancer could be prevented by avoiding its triggers and improving diet. Cancer treatments mostly applied are chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, and hormones therapy (Fong & Tse- Ling, 2002). Chemotherapy is a method uses chemical compounds to suppress or stop cell proliferation, and destroy cancer cells (cytotoxic). Doxorubicin is an anthracycline antibiotic that is considered to be effective as an anticancer chemotherapy agent and is widely used. But it provides several side effects including immune system depletion, hair loss, sore throat, hepatotoxicity, and irreversible cardiotoxicity or hepatotoxicity (Frias et al., 2010). The search of anticancer agent is still progressing. One potentially useful plant for anticancer therapy is Arcangelisia flava (Keawpradub et al., 2004), and endemic plant found in Meru Betiri National Park, Jember. Based on Keawpradub et al. (2004), chloroform extract of A. flava leaves has antioxidant and cytotoxic effect on brine shrimp larvae and MCF-7 breast cancer cells. chloroform extract of A. flava leaves contains berberine, palmatin, and jatrorrhizin, flavonoids, and saponins (Maryani et al., 2013). The saponin in chloroform extract of A. flava leaves is known to provide hepatoprotective activity in rat liver induced by paracetamol with an antioxidant mechanism (Achmadi et al., 2006). Flavonoids are able to suppress the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and chelate metal ions (Scalbert et al., 2005). Chloroform extract of A. flava leaves is potential as a co-chemotherapy agent to reduce the cardiotoxic effects of doxorubicin. This study aimed to determine the effect of chloroform extract of A. flava leaves on the cardio histopathology on white male Wistar strain rat induced by doxorubicin. METHODS Materials A. flava leaves were obtained from Meru Betiri National Park, doxorubicin was obtained from the Regional Hospital dr. Soebandi Jember, solvent n- hexane, chloroform, formalin 10%, hematoxylin eosin, xylol, and liquid paraffin. The test animals were Wistar strain male white rats, aged 8-10 weeks, weighing 140 ± 30 grams. The test animals were kept in standard conditions and fed with standard commercial pellets and ad libitum as drink.