Citation: Ferdows, M.; Alam, J.;
Murtaza, G.; Tzirtzilakis, E.E.; Sun, S.
Biomagnetic Flow with CoFe
2
O
4
Magnetic Particles through an
Unsteady Stretching/Shrinking
Cylinder. Magnetochemistry 2022, 8,
27. https://doi.org/10.3390/
magnetochemistry8030027
Academic Editors: Dimitri Stanicki
and Sophie Laurent
Received: 29 November 2021
Accepted: 8 January 2022
Published: 25 February 2022
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magnetochemistry
Article
Biomagnetic Flow with CoFe
2
O
4
Magnetic Particles through an
Unsteady Stretching/Shrinking Cylinder
Mohammad Ferdows
1,
*, Jahangir Alam
1
, Ghulam Murtaza
2
, Efstratios E. Tzirtzilakis
3
and Shuyu Sun
4
1
Research Group of Fluid Flow Modeling and Simulation, Department of Applied Mathematics,
University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; jahangircu1994@gmail.com
2
Department of Mathematics, Comilla University, Cumilla 3506, Bangladesh; limonn@yahoo.com
3
Fluid Mechanics and Turbomachinery Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
University of the Peloponnese, 22100 Tripoli, Greece; etzirtzilakis@uop.gr
4
Computational Transport Phenomena Laboratory, Division of Physical Science and Engineering,
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
shuyu.sun@kaust.edu.sa
* Correspondence: ferdows@du.ac.bd
Abstract: The study of biomagnetic fluid flow and heat transfer containing magnetic particles
through an unsteady stretching/shrinking cylinder was numerically investigated in this manuscript.
Biomagnetic fluid namely blood taken as base fluid and CoFe
2
O
4
as magnetic particles. Where
blood acts as an electrically conducting fluid along with magnetization/polarization. The main
concentration is to study a time-dependent biomagnetic fluid flow with magnetic particles that
passed through a two dimensional stretching/shrinking cylinder under the influence of thermal
radiation, heat source and partial slip condition which has not been studied yet as far as best
knowledge of authors. This model is consistent with the principles of magnetohydrodynamic and
ferrohydrodynamic. The flow equations, such as momentum, energy which is described physically
by a system of coupled, nonlinear partial differential equation with appropriate boundary conditions
and converted into a nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations by using suitable similarity
transformations. The resultant ODEs numerically solved by applying by applying an efficient
numerical technique based on a common finite differencing method along with central differencing,
tridiagonal matrix manipulation and an iterative procedure. The values assigned to the parameters
are compatible with human body conditions. The numerous results concerning velocity, temperature
and pressure field, as well as the skin friction and the rate of heat transfer, are presented for the
parameters exhibiting physical significance, such as ferromagnetic interaction parameter, magnetic
field parameter, volume fraction, unsteady parameter, curvature parameter, etc. The main numerical
findings are that the fluid velocity is decreased as the ferromagnetic number is enhanced gradually
in both stretching or shrinking cases whereas, the opposite behavior is found for the skin friction
coefficient. The rate of heat transfer with ferromagnetic interaction parameter was also monitored
and found that opposite behavior occurs for stretching and shrinking cases. Comparisons were made
to check the accuracy of the present numerical results with published literature and found to be in
excellent agreement. Hopefully, this proposed model will control the blood flow rate, as well as the
rate of heat transfer, such as magnetic hyperthermia.
Keywords: biomagnetic fluid dynamics; blood; magnetic particles; stretching/shrinking cylinder;
magnetic dipole; finite difference method; magnetohydrodynamic; ferrohydrodynamic; thermal
radiation; heat source
1. Introduction
The study of biomagnetic fluid dynamic (BFD) has attained serious attention from
researchers over the last few decades because of its wide range of applications in the
biomedical and bioengineering sector including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in
Magnetochemistry 2022, 8, 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry8030027 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/magnetochemistry