ACADEMIA Letters
A new identity relating a polynomial to infnite series of
the hyperbolic secant functions
Salar Saadatian, Louisiana State University
Harris Wong, Louisiana State University
Abstract
Hyperbolic functions do not form a complete set and in general it is not possible to expand a
given function as an infnite series of hyperbolic functions. Here, we take the classical problem
of steady laminar fow in a rectangular duct and turn the duct 90°. The maximum velocity
in the duct should remain unchanged if the fow is driven by the same pressure gradient.
This leads to a new identity that relates a second-order polynomial to infnite series of the
hyperbolic secant functions. We discuss the mathematical properties of this identity and verify
it by two diferent methods.
1. Introduction
The Dirac delta function is a generalized function or distribution over the real numbers, whose
value is zero everywhere except at zero, and whose integral over the entire real line is equal
to one [1]. The delta function is useful in modeling many physical processes, such as a point
charge, point mass, or point heat source [1]. In some cases, multiple delta functions are needed
in a single model, such as the modeling of multiple facet planes in a single crystal [2]. There-
fore, it is of general interest to know if a given function can be expanded as an infnite series
of the delta function. In numerical simulations, the Dirac delta function is commonly repre-
sented by a bump function, such as the hyperbolic secant function [3]. Hence, as a frst step,
Academia Letters, November 2021
Corresponding Author: Harris Wong, hwong@lsu.edu
Citation: Saadatian, S., Wong, H. (2021). A new identity relating a polynomial to infnite series of the
hyperbolic secant functions. Academia Letters, Article 3943. https://doi.org/10.20935/AL3943.
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©2021 by the authors — Open Access — Distributed under CC BY 4.0