Research Article
Influence of Rosemary Extract Addition in Different Phases on the
Oxidation of Lutein and WPI in WPI-Stabilized Lutein Emulsions
Duoxia Xu,
1
Zhanqun Hou,
2,3
Guorong Liu,
1
Yanping Cao ,
1
Atikorn Panya,
4
Hang Xiao,
5
and Will Dixon
5
1
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), School of Food & Health, Beijing
Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Food
Additives and Ingredients, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, China
2
China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries Co., Ltd., Beijing 100015, China
3
Beijing Key Laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and the Nutritional Intervention for Chronic
Disease, Beijing, China
4
Food Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 ailand Science
Park, Phaholyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, ailand
5
Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
Correspondence should be addressed to Yanping Cao; caoyp@th.btbu.edu.cn
Received 5 June 2019; Revised 24 September 2019; Accepted 30 September 2019; Published 10 January 2020
Guest Editor: Fuguo Liu
Copyright © 2020 Duoxia Xu et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
e aim was to investigate rosemary extract with different addition methods affecting the physicochemical stability of WPI-coated
lutein emulsions and examine the correlations between lutein degradation and WPI oxidation during storage. First, lutein
emulsions containing different concentrations of rosemary extract in the oil phase were prepared. Second, lutein emulsions
containing rosemary extract in the oil phase or water phase were studied along with the kinetic reaction of lutein degradation.
Moreover, the impact of rosemary extract on the oxidation of WPI and their products was also determined. It was noticed that
rosemary extract at 0.05 wt.% exhibited the best protection of lutein. According to the kinetics analysis of lutein degradation, the
direct addition of rosemary extract in the oil phase was more suitable for retarding the degradation of lutein in emulsion than the
addition in the aqueous phase due to it being partitioned at the interface. Meanwhile, it was revealed that the addition of rosemary
extract in the water phase exhibited better inhibition of the WPI oxidation than addition in the oil phase. e understanding of the
association and driving forces of rosemary extract in emulsion systems may be useful for the application of rosemary extract in
multicomponent food systems.
1. Introduction
Lutein is a yellow pigment with two hydroxyl groups in the
conjugated polyene chain presented in fruits and vegetables
[1]. It has been reported that lutein has the functional
properties of reducing incidences of eye diseases such as age-
related macular degeneration and reducing the risk of
cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, and cancer diseases
[2, 3]. However, the conjugated polyene chain of lutein is
susceptible to degradation during processing and storage.
e degradation of lutein produced a number of initial
oxidation products, such as carbon-peroxyl triplet biradicals
and epoxides [4]. ese reactions can lead to loss of color
and bioactivity of lutein in food products.
Dispersing the lipid soluble lutein into the oil phase of
oil-in-water emulsions could improve its oxidative stability
by emulsifying the oil phase solution with the aqueous phase
containing emulsifiers [5]. Some studies have reported the
stability of delivery systems enriched with lutein [6, 7]. e
oxidation mechanism of lutein was comprehensively
reviewed by Boon et al. [8]. Several factors could influence
the degradation of lutein in oil-in-water emulsions including
Hindawi
Journal of Food Quality
Volume 2020, Article ID 5894646, 10 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5894646