Paper—Success and Failure Aspects of LMS in E-Learning Systems Success and Failure Aspects of LMS in E-Learning Systems https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v15i11.20805 Abdulsalam K. Alhazmi () University of Science and Technology, Aden, Yemen abdulsalamkaed@gmail.com Athar Imtiaz Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand Fatima Al-Hammadi, Ezzadeen Kaed Interactive Language Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Abstract—Learning management systems (LMS) and their associated tools have created value for higher education institutions worldwide by improving con- tent deliverability, accessibility, and retrievability. Nevertheless, many studies have criticized these systems for their teacher-centred approaches, limiting op- portunities for social and informal learning. After several decades of institutions using LMS, this research aims to discuss the success and failure aspects of these LMS from various perspectives, including structure, content, and support for emerging technologies. A thematic literature review and analysis, success and failure aspects are organized and verified by LMS experts. Alongside the aspects identified from the literature, these experts also noted several additional aspects of success and failure in LMS. Overall, the analysis results indicated the success aspects of LMS relate to seven key factors: single sign-on, learning management, content management, integration, security, tracking, and group management. Similarly, the failure aspects could be classified into eight factors: content crea- tion and sharing, communicative features, structure, learning engagement, assess- ment, user interfaces, social and informal learning, and mobile features. The im- plications of the research for education institutions, instructors, developers, and system providers and the resulting directions for future research are thus also dis- cussed. Keywords—E-learning, Learning Management System (LMS), Course Man- agement System (CMS), Online Learning, Emerging Technologies, Learning Outcomes, e-Assessment, Student Engagement 1 Introduction In recent years, there has been a growing demand for e-learning technologies, while the use of learning management systems (LMS) has been seen increasingly among all education institutes as these attempts to develop better management of various iJIM ‒ Vol. 15, No. 11, 2021 133