Muhammad Usman|GLOBAL SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 31 Diminution of Issues and Challenges when Using Scrum in Global Software Engineering £ Muhammad Usman, Qamar Abbas, Beebarg Akram, Junaid Hussain £ Department of Information Technology/Engineering, National University of Modern Languages (NUML) Islamabad, Pakistan Osmaanmalik@hotmail.com Abstract__ Now a day’s global software engineering become a major trend in software Engineering. In a global software engineering teams are geographically dispersed. GSE provides several advantages to the companies like low development cost, skilled labor etc. At the same time this sort of development is more challenging as compared to the development which takes place under the same roof. GSE involves more collaboration and coordination. Coordination is an integral part of the software development. Many software development models can be used in globally distributed projects. But now there is growing interest in applying scrum practices in Global software engineering, because scrum comprises the project management as a part of its practices. To fulfill our objectives, we initially conducted the systematic literature review. On the basis of SLR, We analyze the existing challenges and their solutions. For analysis we used several databases like IEEE, ACM Digital Library and Google Scholar. To identify different challenges and their solutions we conduct a systematic literature review. We have identified twelve different challenges through systematic literature review, out of which nine corresponding solutions have been identified. We have proposed three different solutions for three unidentified solutions to mitigate them. Keywords: Global software engineering;Distributed software development;Global software development Scrum,;Agile I. GLOBAL SOFTWARE ENGINEERING In the last couple of decades, the trend of software development has significantly moved towards global software development [1-4]. This is due to the recent improvements in internet technology, communications and computer networks, enhanced network infrastructure and increased time-to-market pressure [5]. In the past, software development was considered as an internal affair. The companies had their own development sites where the collocated teams developed the software. Now software development trend has changed dramatically because of “global software development (GSE)” in which teams are located at different geographical locations. Distributed teams comprise of members from different nationalities, different cultural backgrounds, different geographical locations and potentially different time zones [32]. These team members may belong to the same organization or from different organizations as well [6-8]. Global Software Engineering offers many benefits in the software development e.g. round the clock development, access to cheap and skilled resources, improved productivity and Quality, time saving and low labor costs. But there are some limitations as well like communication, control and coordination caused by temporal, geographical and socio- cultural distances [9-14]. Many researches have been conducted in the recent years to address these issues. Some of the most popular solutions include dividing work into distinct modules/sections and minimizing the effect of these modules or make them independent [17]. To improve communication B. Ramesh et al. gave solutions like synchronized work hours, informal communication but through formal channels, balanced coordination, constant communication [53] and K. Dullemond et al. also states that facilitate direct communication between colleagues using technology [54]. However, there is a need of more improvements in this area to effectively and efficiently mitigate the issues faced in GSE [16]. When the teams are globally distributed, the types of organizations do not remain same. They are divided into two different types, one is offshore in-sourcing and other is offshore out-sourcing. A. Offshore in-sourcing Offshore in-sourcing means that the teams are distributed in different geographical locations or countries within the same organization [15]. B. Offshore out-sourcing Offshore out-sourcing means that the teams are distributed in different geographical locations or countries within different organizations [15]. II. AGILE In short time period, an agile method has gained a lot of popularity in software development cycle due to its flexible approach to handle requirements volatility and highlights an extensive collaboration between customers and developers [29]. Today the business environment may have unclear requirements that’s why software or ganizations need to implement agile development in GSD [31]. In Agile methodology, face to face communication is important to