Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 547 (2005) 124–135 Theory of hard X-ray resonant photoelectron emission and related spectra in mixed valence Ce compounds A. Kotani a,b,Ã , J.C. Parlebas c , P. Le Fe`vre d , D. Chandesris e,d , H. Magnan f , K. Asakura g , I. Harada g , H. Ogasawara h,i,j a RIKEN Harima Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Mikazuki-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan b Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan c IPCMS/CNRS, UM 7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France d Laboratoire pour l’Utilisation de Rayonnement Electromagne´tique, CNRS-Universite´Paris Sud, Baˆt. 209d, BP34, 91898 Orsay Cedex, France e SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP48, 91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France f Commissariant a` l’Energie Atomique (CEA), Service de Physique et de Chimie des Surfaces et des Interfaces (SPCSI), 91191 Gif sur Yvette cedex, France g Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan h Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan i APS, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, IL 60438, USA j Department of Physics, North Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA Available online 13 June 2005 Abstract Analyses of hard X-ray resonant photoelectron emission spectroscopy (HAX-RPES) and related spectroscopies such as X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and resonant X-ray emission spectroscopy (RXES) are made for mixed valence Ce compounds with single impurity Anderson model. First, the spectra of Ce 2p 3=2 XAS (L 3 XAS) and the conventional Ce 3d X-ray photoelectron emission spectroscopy (XPS) are analyzed for CePd 7 , taking into account the bulk/surface sensitivity in XPS. Then it is shown that the bulk properties are more directly obtained from the Ce 3d HAX-RPES spectra, in which the Ce 2p–5d excitation is followed by the Ce 2p3d5d Auger decay. Furthermore, the Ce 3d HAX-RPES can reveal some hidden structures in the Ce L 3 XAS. From the analysis of the Ce HAX-RPES for CeRh 3 ,werevealtheexistenceoftheCe4f 2 contributionintheL 3 XAS,andconfirmanimportantroleoftheCoulomb interaction U fd between Ce 4f and 5d elctrons in the XAS structure. For ferromagnetic mixed valence Ce compound CeFe 2 , the spectra of the CeL 3 XAS and its magnetic circular dichroism (MCD-XAS) are analyzed, and the effect of U fd is also important in explaining the relative peak positions of the XAS and MCD-XAS. Finally, the MCD in RXES ARTICLE IN PRESS www.elsevier.com/locate/nima 0168-9002/$-see front matter r 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2005.05.018 Ã Corresponding author. E-mail address: kotani@spring8.or.jp (A. Kotani).