TEM Journal. Volume 8, Issue 1, Pages 298-304, ISSN 2217-8309, DOI: 10.18421/TEM81-41, February 2019.
298 TEM Journal – Volume 8 / Number 1 / 2019.
Is Current Formative Assessment Still Relevant
in Turning Students into Deep Learners?
Noor Liza Adnan
1
, Nur Raihana Mohd Sallem
1
, Rokiah Muda
1
,
Wan Karomiah Wan Abdullah
2
1
Faculty of Accountancy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia
2
Faculty of Computer Science and Mathematics, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia
Abstract – Universities should design the assessment
activities that could induce students to be deep learners
instead of surface learners, and at the same time equip
them with relevant soft skills. This paper aims to gain
insight on students’ perception on the appropriateness
of the assessment activities in developing soft skills of a
management accounting subject at a public university
in Malaysia. 420 usable questionnaires were collected
out of 686 distributed to fourth semester students
taking the said subject. Descriptive statistics and
Mann-Whitney U test were conducted to achieve the
objective. Results revealed that students did not benefit
much from test or quiz implying that such assessment
does not turn students into deep learners as expected.
On the other hand, group work and presentation do
contribute to the development of soft skills. However,
findings should not be generalized to other subjects.
Keywords – Test and quiz; Formative assessment;
Traditional assessment; Group work and presentation;
Soft skills.
1. Introduction
Researchers agree that assessment, especially
formative assessment, is an important tool that
academicians may manipulate to change and control
students’ approach to learning. How do they want
DOI: 10.18421/TEM81-41
https://dx.doi.org/10.18421/TEM81-41
Corresponding author: Noor Liza Adnan,
Faculty of Accountancy, Universiti Teknologi MARA,
Malaysia
Email: noorliza@tganu.uitm.edu.my
Received: 08 January 2019.
Accepted: 11 February 2019.
Published: 27 February 2019.
© 2019 Noor Liza Adnan et al; published by
UIKTEN. This work is licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0
License.
The article is published with Open Access
at www.temjournal.com
their students to study? Do they want their students
to be surface learners, who merely memorize the
material content, then pouring it all on the
examination paper, and later on forgetting what they
have learned? Or do they want their students to take a
deep approach by attempting to make sense of what
they learn, developing an understanding, and relating
what they learn to the real world? These two
approaches to learning would bring about graduates
with two distinct qualities. Deep approach will turn
students into active learners, who constantly seek to
acquire new knowledge and equipped with necessary
transferable skills to workplace [1]. On the other
hand, surface learners may emerge as ones who most
probably show good academic result, but lack of soft
skills that makes getting employed become highly
unlikely [1].
Researchers (like, [2],[3],[4],[5]) have strong
evidence to suggest that it is the assessment activities
employed that would influence the students’ choice
of approach. Elton and Johnston [4] strongly
emphasized that changing the teaching method
without changing the way the students are assessed
would not change the students’ learning approach.
Therefore, a formative assessment that focuses on a
constructivist approach with an adaptable process
that emphasizes on students [6] should be employed
by a university if it really wants to produce balanced
graduates. Unfortunately, Rushton [6] discovered
that assessment nowadays actually inhibits this
objective.
To date we are still not clear as to how our students
perceive the impact of assessment on their approach
to learning. Are the assessment activities
implemented still relevant for this new generation?
Higher institutions undeniably make it their main
agenda to produce balanced graduates who are
academically excellent and equipped with certain
transferable skills to the workplace. But are we
really on the right path to achieve our aim? Kalra [7]
had conducted a survey on 472 Malaysian employers
which has revealed a disappointing result. 70% of
them were disappointed in the quality of the “just
average” graduates; 26% characterized the graduates