Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Mathematical Problems in Engineering
Volume 2013, Article ID 653282, 10 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/653282
Research Article
Rainfall Reliability Evaluation for Stability of Municipal Solid
Waste Landfills on Slope
Fu-Kuo Huang,
1
Grace S. Wang,
2
and Yueh-Lin Tsai
3
1
Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
2
Department of Construction Engineering, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung City 41349, Taiwan
3
Project Department, GeoTech Science Corporation Ltd., New Taipei City 22103, Taiwan
Correspondence should be addressed to Fu-Kuo Huang; fhuang@mail.tku.edu.tw
Received 5 November 2012; Revised 12 February 2013; Accepted 28 February 2013
Academic Editor: Sunghwan Kim
Copyright © 2013 Fu-Kuo Huang et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
A method to assess the reliability for the stability of municipal solid waste (MSW) landflls on slope due to rainfall infltration is pro-
posed. Parameter studies are frst done to explore the infuence of factors on the stability of MSW. Tese factors include rainfall inten-
sity, duration, pattern, and the engineering properties of MSW. Ten 100 diferent combinations of parameters are generated and
associated stability analyses of MSW on slope are performed assuming that each parameter is uniform distributed around its reason
ranges. In the following, the performance of the stability of MSW is interpreted by the artifcial neural network (ANN) trained and
verifed based on the aforementioned 100 analysis results. Te reliability for the stability of MSW landflls on slope is then evaluated
and explored for diferent rainfall parameters by the ANN model with frst-order reliability method (FORM) and Monte Carlo
simulation (MCS).
1. Introduction
Te response of municipal solid waste (MSW) landflls during
earthquakes has gained much attention during the past years
(Anderson and Kavazanjian [1], Anderson [2], Augello et al.
[3], Idriss et al. [4], Kavazanjian and Matasovic [5], Kavazan-
jian et al. [6], Krinitzsky et al. [7], and Pinto [8]). However,
there were many failure events of MSW landflls on slope
resulted from rainfall situations (Huvaj-Sarihan and Stark [9],
Liu [10]). Tus, the stability of MSW landflls on slope due
to rainfall infltration is another important topic worthy of
further studied.
As to stability evaluation of MSW landflls on slope,
safety factors are common used in engineering practice. Te
critical state of failure is usually regarded as reached when the
factor of safety, FS, is equal to 1.0 based on this approach. Tis
deterministic approach not only does not consider the infu-
ence of randomness and uncertainties of soil properties, anal-
ysis model, and associated parameters on the analysis results
but also has not any implications about the failure probability
of the critical state according to the factor of safety. In other
words, factors of safety are usually selected based on past
experience empirically. Te relationship between the factor
of safety and the probability of failure is ofen unclear and
needs to be established. If uncertainties of associated analysis
parameters are greater than anticipated, an unstable situation
of the MSW landflls may be encountered by using the deter-
ministic factor-of-safety approach. Conversely, overdesign-
ing can probably be done to some extent when uncertainties
are smaller than anticipated. Accordingly, the reliability-
based design (RBD) or performance-based design (PBD)
approach that can evaluate the ultimate or serviceability per-
formance of the MSW landflls on slope probabilistically is
preferred in landfll and slope engineering.
Te researches of reliability in geotechnical engineering
are growing rapidly in these years. H. D. Lin and C. P. Lin
[11] applied it to drilled piles while Shou and Chen [12] to
spatial risk analysis of landslide. For deep excavation, Tang
et al. [13] frst performed a reliability analysis and design
of braced excavation systems with FOSM method. Low [14]
adopted FORM and MCS method by spreadsheet to
reliability-based design for retaining walls using explicit