International Negotiation  () – brill.com/iner © Andreas T. Hirblinger,  | doi:./-bja This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC 4.0 license. When Mediators Need Machines (and Vice Versa): Towards a Research Agenda on Hybrid Peacemaking Intelligence Andreas T. Hirblinger | ORCID: --- Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Maison de la Paix – Chemin Eugène-Rigot 2A, P.O. Box 1672, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland andreas.hirblinger@graduateinstitute.ch Received 18 May 2021; accepted 5 October 2021 Abstract The growing use of artificial intelligence (AI) in peace processes challenges the ways in which mediators conventionally generate and use knowledge to facilitate a conver- gence of conflict party positions. Mediators are increasingly unable to maintain their role as information brokers without the support of automated information gathering and analysis systems. However, the effectiveness of such AI-tools is likewise hampered by their limited autonomy across peacemaking contexts, by the paradigmatic nature of knowledge that is used to design AI-systems, and the influence of subjective factors that are difficult to measure. These challenges may be overcome by hybrid human- machine systems in support of peacemaking. This article formulates a research agenda for hybrid peacemaking intelligence that is concerned with the increasing interde- pendence of humans and machines. It suggests studying how agency is distributed in mediator-machine networks, the hermeneutics of machine-supported participatory approaches, and how hybrid arrangements change power relations in peacemaking. 1 Andreas T. Hirblinger is an Ambizione research fellow at the Centre on Conflict, Development and Peacebuilding (CCDP), Graduate Institute for International and Development Studies, Geneva. He is also a visiting researcher at the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO). His cur- rent research explores the effects of the increasing use of digital technologies by conflict parties, conflict stakeholders and those who aim to make or build peace. His past projects investigated the uses of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in peace mediation, the limits of data- driven approaches, and the emerging practices of digital inclusion. He holds a PhD from the University of Cambridge. Downloaded from Brill.com01/30/2022 01:20:05PM via free access