Influence of the cross-cultural environment
on the perception of aging and adult
development in the developing world:
A study of Bahrain, Brazil and Indonesia
Frank Eyetsemitan
McKendree College, Lebanon, Illinois, USA
James T. Gire
Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia, USA
Omar Khaleefa
University of Bahrain, Bahrain
Monty P. Satiardama
Tarumanagara University, Jakarta, Indonesia
The present study examined the perceived characteristics associated with the
different stages of adulthood in developing societies. Respondents from three
societies, Bahrain, Brazil and Indonesia, identified those characteristics that are
typical of the early, middle and late adulthood stages in their respective societies.
Although developing nations, these societies differed in their levels of
modernization or on the UN human development index score and respondents
identified characteristics that were both common and different. On the whole, the
characteristics identified reflected the influence of a cross-cultural environment
(which included the global, developed and developing dimensions) on the
perception of aging and adult development in developing societies.
Key words: adult development, aging, cross-cultural environment, developing
world, perception.
Introduction
The purpose of the present study was to examine whether the perception of the start ages of
the different adulthood stages and the roles associated with them are influenced by different
environmental dimensions in developing societies. Also, irrespective of their levels of
development, developing nations still share certain characteristics.
Asian Journal of Social Psychology (2003) 6: 51–60
© Blackwell Publishing Ltd with the Asian Association of Social Psychology
and the Japanese Group Dynamics Association 2003
Correspondence: Frank Eyetsemitan, Professor of Psychology, McKendree College, 701 College Road,
Lebanon, Illinois, USA. Email: feyetsemitan@mckendree.edu