Reactive Polymers, 16 (1991/1992) 71-80
Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam
71
ANION EXCHANGE STUDIES
OF LEAD-EDTA COMPLEXES
MARZENNA R. DUDZINSKA * and DENNIS A. CLIFFORD
Environmental Engineering Program, Cullen College of Engineering University of Houston,
Houston, TX 77204-4791 (USA)
(Received July 26, 1990; accepted in revised form February 5, 1991)
This research with anion exchange resins demonstrates the possibility of removing
chelated anionic complexes from water. The affinity of various commercially available
polystyrene and acrylic resins for the Pb-EDTA complex was established. The effects of
pH, competing ions, resin matrix, functionality, and porosity were studied.
Keywords: anion exchange studies; lead-EDTA complexes; polystyrene resins; acrylic resin
INTRODUCTION
Heavy metals, because of their acute poi-
soning effects and tendency to accumulate in
the human body, are considered to be among
the most dangerous nondegradable sub-
stances. To protect consumers they must be
removed from water. Ion exchange is a logical
treatment process to consider because metals
are normally ionic or can readily be converted
to ions. For more than 40 years, the cation
exchanger process has been studied and used
for removal of metal cations; however, fewer
studies of anionic metal-complex removal
have been completed [1]. The focus on cation
exchange is not unexpected in light of the fact
that heavy metal cations, such as lead, have
an extremely high affinity for cation resins. In
* Present address: Department of Water & Wastewater
Technology, Technical University of Lublin, 20-618
Lublin, Poland.
fact, the affinity is so high that efficient re-
generation is difficult and complete regenera-
tion impossible. It makes sense, then, to seek
easier-to-elute ionic forms. Anionic com-
plexes represent a class of compounds that
could be relevant for heavy metal removal.
The number of these anionic complexes is
large because in both water and wastewater
we find organic substances capable of acting
as ligands for metal cations [2].
These complexes are so strong that they
often solubilize toxic metals such that their
removal by the usual precipitation processes
is hindered. Among the naturally occurring
organics capable of complexing metals in
water are the humic and fulvic acids. How-
ever, man-made chelating agents are also
found in water. One of the most commonly
used chelating agents, ethylenediaminetetraa-
cetic acid (EDTA), is not regarded as toxic to
man [3], but its presence in wastewater still
causes problems. Unlike nitrilotriacetate
(NTA), EDTA is resistant to biodegradation,
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