Child Abuse & Neglect 67 (2017) 1–12 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Child Abuse & Neglect Social Ecological Correlates of Polyvictimization among a National Sample of Transgender, Genderqueer, and Cisgender Sexual Minority Adolescents Paul R. Sterzing a,* , G. Allen Ratliff a , Rachel E. Gartner a , Briana L. McGeough a , Kelly C. Johnson b a School of Social Welfare, University of California, 120 Haviland Hall, #7400, Berkeley, CA, 94720-7400, USA b School of Public Health, University of California, 2199 Addison St., #7360, Berkeley, CA, 94720-7360, USA a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 24 September 2016 Received in revised form 5 February 2017 Accepted 10 February 2017 Keywords: polyvictimization sexual minority gender minority microaggressions mental health peer rejection a b s t r a c t Polyvictimization is a common experience for youth in the United States, with 20% nation- ally experiencing five or more different forms of victimization in the last year. Utilizing a large, national convenience sample of sexual and gender minority adolescents (N = 1177, 14-19 years old), the current study aimed to (a) generate the first estimates of last year polyvictimization (including nine victimization subtypes) for transgender, genderqueer, and cisgender (i.e., assigned birth sex aligns with gender identity) sexual minority adoles- cents and (b) identify social ecological correlates of last year polyvictimization. The study utilized an online survey advertised through Facebook and community organizations across the United States. Approximately, 40% of participants experienced ten or more different forms of victimization in the last year and were classified as polyvictims. A significantly higher percentage of transgender female (63.4%), transgender male (48.9%), genderqueer assigned male at birth (71.5%) and genderqueer assigned female at birth (49.5%) were polyvictimized in comparison to cisgender sexual minority males (33.0%). Polyvictimiza- tion rates for cisgender sexual minority females (35.1%) were not significantly different from male counterparts (33.0%). Several significant risk factors for polyvictimization were identified: genderqueer identity for participants assigned male at birth and higher-levels of posttraumatic stress, family-level microaggressions, and peer rejection. The manuscript concludes with recommendations for future research including the exploration of factors (e.g., lack of community support, gender-role policing) associated with higher polyvic- timization rates for genderqueer adolescents. Additionally, professionals (e.g., foster care, homeless shelters, schools) require new tools to assess for polyvictimization among sexual and gender minority adolescents. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Polyvictimization is often defined as experiencing five or more different forms of victimization (e.g., bullying, sexual abuse, dating violence, etc.) in the last year (Finkelhor et al., 2007a). Polyvictimization is a common experience for youth in * Corresponding author. E-mail address: sterzing@berkeley.edu (P.R. Sterzing). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.02.017 0145-2134/© 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.