Advances in Economics and Business 2(2): 85-91, 2014 http://www.hrpub.org
DOI: 10.13189/aeb.2014.020204
The Adoption of Electronic Procurement in Turkey
F.Özge Baruönü Latif
Faculty Of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Dogus University, İstanbul, Turkey
Corresponding Author: barunzge@yahoo.com
Copyright © 2014 Horizon Research Publishing All rights reserved.
Abstract Internet Technologies have increased the
effectiveness of the businesses in several ways. One example
of these is E-procurement, which fulfills one of the most
crucial functions of businesses, ‘purchasing’, on the internet
by means of bringing the buyers and suppliers together on a
network, have been used widely in the world in the last
decade. In this chapter the concept of ‘e-procurement’,
history of e-procurement, its operations, its advantages and
disadvantages are discussed and the firm “E-Tedarik” which
is an example of e-procurement systems in Turkey is
examined as a case study.
Keywords E-purchasing, B2B, E-procurement,
Marketplace, Electronic Procurement in Turkey
1.The Concept of “E-procurement”
Electronic commerce can be classified into two main
groups which are called as Business to Business (B2B) and
Business to Customers (B2C). They are defined by Noyce [1]
as,
Business-to-consumer (B2C): the sale of goods, services
and content to individuals.
Business-to-business (B2B): the buying and selling of
goods, services and content among businesses.
In B2B transactions, purchasing has been seen as an
administrative and operational activity for a long time and it
has been defined as follow as buying the right goods or
services, in the right quantity, at the right time and price and
from the right source [2]. Over the last decades, purchasing
has become a more strategic activity for businesses and it is
defined as “the behavior of an organization towards its
suppliers [3].
Van Weele [4] defines the purchasing process as
“management of the company’s external resources,
maintaining the company’s primary and support activities is
secured at the best conditions”.
Information technology (IT) has been used to exchange of
goods, services and information between organizations.
When the interorganizational information systems (IOIS)
were introduced, electronic markets have emerged for
corporate purchasing activities [5]. In the era of pre-Internet,
electronic data interchange (EDI) was the most common
method which is applied for managing the purchasing
processes in businesses. However, the cost of implementing
and maintaining EDI was so high and only large-sized
companies could afford to use it [6].
After the innovation of Internet, with the becoming
widespread of lower-cost public network and the
development of Web-based tools, most traditional
e-purchasing methods turned into Web-based e-procurement.
Being a broader scope than ‘purchasing’, procurement
requires strategic activities such as sourcing, negotiating,
coordinating, comparing, evaluating, and maintaining.
According to Tai et al. [7] “Procurement is more than putting
purchasing decisions online, its functions also include
linking suppliers and buyers into the purchasing network and
rethinking of inter-organizational processes driven by
transactions”. In other words, e-procurement means the
integration of technological tools into traditional paper based
method in procurement operations [8].
Internet-based e-procurement systems and
business-to-business (B2B) electronic marketplaces differ
from proprietary IOIS in the sense of their requirement. They
are open systems that enable firms to reach and transact with
suppliers and buyers in virtual markets without investments
in a specific systems while IOIS is involving EDI.
Figure 1 displays three IT-enabled procurement
mechanisms [5]
Figure 1. IT Enabled Procurement Mechanisms