Citation: Mobaraki, A.; Oktay Vehbi,
B. A Conceptual Model for Assessing
the Relationship between Urban
Morphology and Sustainable Urban
Form. Sustainability 2022, 14, 2884.
https://doi.org/10.3390/su14052884
Academic Editor: Francesco Tajani
Received: 4 January 2022
Accepted: 16 February 2022
Published: 2 March 2022
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral
with regard to jurisdictional claims in
published maps and institutional affil-
iations.
Copyright: © 2022 by the authors.
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
This article is an open access article
distributed under the terms and
conditions of the Creative Commons
Attribution (CC BY) license (https://
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
4.0/).
sustainability
Article
A Conceptual Model for Assessing the Relationship between
Urban Morphology and Sustainable Urban Form
Abdollah Mobaraki * and Beser Oktay Vehbi
Department of Architecture, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta 99628, North Cyprus, Turkey;
beser.oktay@emu.edu.tr
* Correspondence: abdollah.mobarakie@emu.edu.tr; Tel.: +90-533-887-1400
Abstract: The built environment witnessed rapid transformation after the industrial revolution. This
transformation came along with some negativities, which gave rise to the concept of sustainability in
urban form. In this regard, the current study aimed to assess and validate the reciprocal relationship
between urban morphology and sustainable urban form. This study proposes a conceptual model
which integrates and presents the holistic correlation between sustainable urban form and urban
morphology, by using qualitative grounded theory as the research methodology. The model was
developed by introducing analytical tools to evaluate sustainability, along with integrating typo-
morphology and the concept of scale hierarchy. The findings of this study reveal that every single
component of sustainable urban form interacts significantly with the typo-morphology approach.
Consequently, the outcomes help urban planners to get more informed decisions about the geometric
analysis of urban morphology from a sustainability point of view.
Keywords: urban morphology; sustainable urban form; typo-morphology; concept of scale hierarchy
1. Introduction
The emergence of the notion of sustainable development has created a platform to
enable a public debate on the form of cities to take place [1]. It has subsequently motivated
researchers, decision-makers, and urban planners in related disciplines to seek sustainable
forms of development that are beneficial for the built environment. Considering this fact,
morphological analysis of urban tissue reveals the logic of urban transformation, urban
morphology can thus be a valuable implement to achieve sustainable urban form [2,3].
Although much research has been carried out on the topic of “urban sustainability” and
“urban morphology”, there seems to be a substantial gap in the study of the mutual
relationship between the two [4–8]. This study tries to focus on the relations between urban
morphology (UM) and a sustainable urban form (SUF). Accordingly, this study aims to
propose a model to evaluate the relationship between SUF and UM. The analytical tools
derived from this relationship can be used as an assessment technique.
Since the issue of the urban context is a continuous multi-layered process, it is vital to
formulate a defined scale hierarch to streamline the process of the assessment. A strong
spatial hierarchy is significant to determine the contribution between the important aspects
of urban structure and the analytical tools of the research. Accordingly, the study introduces
a spatially hierarchal structure, by integrating typo-morphology and the concept of scale
hierarchy concerning Kropf’s taxonomy [6].
Therefore, the following research question has been considered as the main concern of
the research.
• What is the relationship between urban morphology (UM) and sustainable urban form
(SUF)?
Sustainability 2022, 14, 2884. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14052884 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability