Research Article
Breast Cancer Calcifications: Identification Using a Novel
Segmentation Approach
Sushovan Chaudhury ,
1
Manik Rakhra ,
2
Naz Memon ,
3
Kartik Sau ,
4
and Melkamu Teshome Ayana
5
1
University of Engineering and Management, Kolkata, India
2
School of Computer Science and Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
3
Mehran University of Science and Technology, Jamshoro, Pakistan
4
University of Engineering and Management, Kolkata, India
5
Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering, Arba Minch University, Ethiopia
Correspondence should be addressed to Manik Rakhra; rakhramanik786@gmail.com
and Melkamu Teshome Ayana; melkamu.teshome@amu.edu.et
Received 27 August 2021; Revised 12 September 2021; Accepted 21 September 2021; Published 6 October 2021
Academic Editor: Deepika Koundal
Copyright © 2021 Sushovan Chaudhury et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is
properly cited.
Breast cancer is a strong risk factor of cancer amongst women. One in eight women suffers from breast cancer. It is a life-
threatening illness and is utterly dreadful. The root cause which is the breast cancer agent is still under research. There are,
however, certain potentially dangerous factors like age, genetics, obesity, birth control, cigarettes, and tablets. Breast cancer is
often a malignant tumor that begins in the breast cells and eventually spreads to the surrounding tissue. If detected early, the
illness may be reversible. The probability of preservation diminishes as the number of measurements increases. Numerous
imaging techniques are used to identify breast cancer. This research examines different breast cancer detection strategies via
the use of imaging techniques, data mining techniques, and various characteristics, as well as a brief comparative analysis of
the existing breast cancer detection system. Breast cancer mortality will be significantly reduced if it is identified and treated
early. There are technological difficulties linked to scans and people’s inconsistency with breast cancer. In this study, we
introduced a form of breast cancer diagnosis. There are different methods involved to collect and analyze details. In the
preprocessing stage, the input data picture is filtered by using a window or by cropping. Segmentation can be performed using
k-means algorithm. This study is aimed at identifying the calcifications found in bosom cancer in the last phase. The suggested
approach is already implemented in MATLAB, and it produces reliable performance.
1. Introduction
AI and machine learning are recently widely used in health
care for the prediction of critical diseases like colorectal can-
cer, Alzheimer, fetal brain abnormality detection, and type-2
diabetes risk prediction, and the present study used AI and
ML for breast cancer prediction.
Breast cancer is an abnormal development of malignant
cells in the breast. Cancer spreads to other parts of the body
if left untreated. Breast cancer, excluding skin cancer, is the
most prevalent form of cancer among women in the United
States, accounting for one in every three cancer diagnoses.
In 2005, the United States was projected to have an esti-
mated 211,240 new invasive cases of breast cancer among
women. In 2005, about 1,690 additional male cases of breast
cancer were anticipated. Breast cancer incidence increases
beyond the age of 40. Women over the age of 50 have the
greatest incidence (about 80% of invasive cases). Along with
invasive breast cancer, women are projected to develop
58,590 new instances of in situ breast cancer in 2005.
Around 88 percent of them will be diagnosed as ductal car-
cinoma in situ (DCIS). DCIS instances are being detected as
Hindawi
Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine
Volume 2021, Article ID 9905808, 13 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9905808