Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network Noor Zaman*, Tung Jang Low**, Turki Alghamdi*** *,** Department of Computer Science & Information Science, Universiti Tecknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia, ***College of Computer and Information System, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia Noorzaman650@hotmail.com, lowtanjung@petronas.com.my, taghamdi@uqu.edu.sa Abstract—Nowadays Wireless Sensor Networks WSNs are playing a vital role in several application areas ranging health to battle field. Wireless sensor networks are easy to deploy due to its unique characteristics of size and self-organizing networks. Wireless sensor nodes contain small unchangeable and not chargeable batteries. It is a resource constraint type network. Routing in WSN is most expensive task as it utilizes more power resources. This paper is intended to introduce energy efficient routing protocol, known as Position Responsive Routing Protocol (PRRP) to enhance energy efficiency of WSN. Position responsive routing protocol differs in several ways than other existing routing techniques. Position response routing protocol approach allows fair distribution of gateway\cluster head selection, maximum possible distance minimization among nodes and gateways\cluster heads to utilize less energy. Position responsive routing protocol shows significant improvement of 45% in energy efficiency of wireless sensor network life time as a whole by increasing battery life of individual nodes. Furthermore PRRP shows drastic increases for data throughput and provide better solution to routing energy hole due to it fair distributed approach of gateway selection. Keywords— WSN, Energy efficient, PRRP position responsive routing protocol, CELRP, Routing protocol, I. INTRODUCTION WSN is a popular and have capability to high penetrate with several applications areas. It consists of small nodes having limited sensing, computation, and wireless communications capabilities [1-2]. Sensor nodes normally sensed data and forward sensed data to the base station such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants [3]. Sensor nodes are resource constraint type of network and contain very tiny size of irreplaceable and not chargeable batteries. Network life is the highly concern, energy become reason to dyes of nodes and network partially\ fully stop working [4-6]. Energy consumed more during path finding and data transmission operations terms as routing. Routing is the most challenging issue and direct concern to energy in WSN comparable with ad hoc and cellular network [7-8]. Clustering technique for routing in WSN is considered most suited based on its characteristics such as energy-efficient, scalable, lower latency, etc. In clustering, WSN network is divided into sub networks\clusters and each cluster has cluster head which is responsible to collect the sensed data from his cluster and forward it to the base station [9]. Cluster heads consumed more energy due to collecting and forwarding data from cluster while remaining nodes in the clusters still have more energy of 90% of their initial energy [10-12]. This situation normally happened due to unbalanced energy assumption which causes more drain of energy from nodes far from cluster heads [13] in random fashion from sensor nodes. To address this issue, several energy efficient routing algorithms and protocols have been propose recently, including cluster based protocols [14-19], power-aware routing [20-22] and multi-level transmission radii routing [23]. The minimum energy routing problem has been addressed in [24]. If sensor nodes consume energy more equitably, they continue to provide connectivity for longer and the network lifetime increases. [25-35]. As sensor networks have specific requirements on energy saving, data-oriented communication, and inter- connection between non-IP and IP, therefore sensor network-dedicated routing protocols may be required, for Energy efficient routing scheme. II. PROBLEM STATEMENT Sensor network has primary role to sense and forward data to destination or base station BS, resulting of any physical event occurrence. Routing plays a key role to identify path and transfer data in energy constraint sensor network. Initially routs defined by the nodes then nodes become able to send or receive the data by using those routing paths. In case if sensed data is available to some segments of network but network not able to transfer it to the destination due to the energy deplete of sensor nodes for some segments. III. RELATED WORK Several routing protocols have been developed recently to address the energy efficiency issue. WSNs routing protocols normally specified in following types. 1. Flat routing Protocols 2. Hierarchal routing Protocols 3. Location based routing Protocols ISBN 978-89-968650-2-5 808 February 16~19, 2014 ICACT2014