Research Article
Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol for Next-Generation
Application in the Internet of Things and Wireless
Sensor Networks
Roopali Dogra,
1
Shalli Rani ,
1
Himanshi Babbar ,
1
and Daniel Krah
2
1
Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
2
Tamale Technical University, Ghana
Correspondence should be addressed to Daniel Krah; dkrah@tatu.edu.gh
Received 17 December 2021; Revised 10 February 2022; Accepted 25 February 2022; Published 22 March 2022
Academic Editor: Muhammad Asghar Khan
Copyright © 2022 Roopali Dogra et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Among the key challenges with wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is that most sensor nodes are fueled by energy-constrained batteries,
which has a significant impact on the network’sefficiency, reliability, and durability. As a result, many clustering approaches have been
developed to enhance the energy efficiency of WSNs. Meanwhile, fifth-generation (5G) transmissions necessitate the usage of
multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) multiple antennas in numerous Internet of Things (IoT) applications to furnish increased
capacity in a multipath spectrum environment. Instead of a single senor that can facilitate better load balancing utilization, we
believe to balance the energy utilization per unit area. The devices in IoT are submerged with various transmission interfaces
known as MIMO in 5G networks. With MIMO being more commonly accessible on IoT devices, an effective clustering approach
for rapidly evolving IoT systems is both lacking and urgently needed to support a variety of user scenarios. In this paper, we
proposed the intelligent MIMO-based 5G balanced energy-efficient protocol which focuses to achieve Quality of Experience (QoE)
for transmitting in clusters for IoT networks. The proposed protocol enhances the utilization of energy and lifetime of the network
in which it shows 30% less energy utilized in comparison to the existing protocols.
1. Next-Generation Networks (5G):
Clustering for IoT-Based Systems
Many services, programs, sensor-embedded digital equip-
ment, and network protocols have been built, and it is still
being constructed as the Internet of Things evolved rapidly.
The IoT enables genuinely existing things to see, listen, under-
stand, and execute a crucial task by connecting and engaging
with each other and sharing essential knowledge while making
a decision and doing critical activities. Wireless sensor net-
works, that provide a continuous layer for the IoT, are critical
for 5G telecommunications. A wireless sensor network is com-
posed of a collection of sensor nodes that detect and transfer
data to the sink. Every round’s sink (or base station) is the end-
point of transmitting data. The primary problems of IoT-
based WSNs are increasing the lifetime of the network and
reducing energy consumption.
Therefore, one of the primary aspects of 5G wireless com-
munication is massive machine-type communication. Because
the current cellular network has wider coverage, a substantial
number of deployed equipment, a robust user service manage-
ment system, etc., Cisco believes that the 3rd Generation
Partner Project (3GPP) produced networks would support 80
percent of a total of IoT device connections. The major
approach in the upcoming wireless network to conform to the
IoT device service well is to improve the present cellular
network for service attributes [1]. As a result, the 3GPP orga-
nization has already been focusing on IoT network standard-
ization since Release-8 and is much more likely to adopt
optimization strategies that have minimal impact on existing
networks to facilitate cellular networks to accommodate huge
IoT device communication. The transmission data is little, the
transmission is rapid, and the battery is tough to replicate
with a high number of IoT devices application services
Hindawi
Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing
Volume 2022, Article ID 8006751, 10 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8006751