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Integrative Zoology 2012; 7: 61–73 doi: 10.1111/j.1749-4877.2011.00279.x
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Sea urchin coelomocyte arylsulfatase: a modulator of the
echinoderm clotting pathway
Lisanne D’ANDREA-WINSLOW,
1
David W. RADKE,
1
Tim UTECHT,
1
Takuya KANEKO
2
and
Koji AKASAKA
3
1
Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Northwestern College, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA,
2
Department of Biological Sciences,
Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan and
3
Misaki Marine Biological Station, University of Tokyo, Miura,
Kanagawa, Japan
Abstract
Sea urchin petalloid coelomocytes effectuate the clotting pathway by undergoing a rapid and dynamic cellular
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arylsulfatase (Ars) associated with coelomocytes of the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck, 1816). Ars
activity was extracted from clotted coelomocytes with EDTA and showed high levels of activity up to a 1:100
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phenyl phosphate. Ars activity was collected by 80% ethanol precipitation, a diagnostic test previously used in
Ars isolation. Cellular extraction studies in the presence and absence of the non-ionic detergent Triton X-100
indicated that some Ars activity was present intracellularly, possibly in intracellular membrane-bound compart-
ments, however the majority of Ars activity was extracted from the extracellular coelomocyte membrane. Poly-
clonal anti-sea urchin embryo Ars antibodies recognized a single protein band with an approximate molecular
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data indicate that coelomocyte Ars might be involved in cell-to-cell crosslinking of surface sulfated polysaccha-
rides vital for clot formation.
Key words: adhesion, arylsulfatase, coelomocyte, clotting, extracellular matrix, sea urchin
Correspondence: Lisanne D’Andrea-Winslow, Department
of Biology and Biochemistry, Northwestern College, 3003
Snelling Avenue North, St. Paul, MN, USA.
Email: ldwinslow@nwc.edu
INTRODUCTION
Sea urchin coelomocytes are immune effector cells
circulating in the body cavity (coelom) and throughout
the echinoderm water-vascular system. Of the 5 distinct
sub-types of coelomocyes, the petalloid coelomocytes
have been the most widely studied. Petalloid coelomo-
cytes circulate throughout the animal in the resting state,
and consist of a cell with large, bladder-like lamellae.