A Computer Simulation to Analyze the Cost-Benefit
of Solar Air Cooling: Case Study for Jordan
Abdul Ghafour Saidi
King Talal Faculty of Business and
Technolgy KTFBT
Princess Sumaya University for
Technology PSUT
Amman, Jordan
email: A.Ghafoor @ psut.edu.jo
Fawzi Mohammed Munir Al-Naima
Department of Computer Engineering,
College of Engineering
Al-Nahrain University
Baghdad, Iraq
https:// orcid.org /0000-0003-0930-
5073
Ghani Albaali
King Talal Faculty of Business and
Technolgy KTFBT
Princess Sumaya University for
Technology PSUT
Amman, Jordan
https:// orcid.org /0000-0001-6703-
1109
Abstract— There is a high priority to the energy supply in
Jordan because it depends mainly on the imported oil to meet
the demand for energy. To meet this demand, a Vapor
Compression Cooling (VCC) is generally used in the cooling of
air conditioning. The technology of Solar Cooling of Air SCA
was used in this work to minimize the consumption of energy
in Jordan, as well as to minimize the emission of Greenhouse
Gases (GHG) that accompanies the burning of fossil fuel
during the consumption of energy. The economic feasibility
was analyzed in this work which has been done on the two
scenarios of the system used. The RETScreen® software was
used to perform the economic analysis of the proposed
scenarios. The simulations results showed the relevance of the
economic feasibility with a tariff of electricity, this is in
addition to the reduction of emission compared with those
(VCC) use electricity.
Keywords— Solar Cooling by Air, Vapor Compression
Cooling, Absorption, Adsorption.
I. INTRODUCTION
The temperature rising of climate change will lead to an
increase in the cooling load and therefore consume more
amount of energy in the air conditioning. All studies show
that the technology of Solar Cooling by Air (SCA) has the
possibility of reducing the consumption of electricity that by
the end effect economic development. There is two SCA
technology in Jordan, one of them is the Aqaba Residency
Region (ARR) with a cooling capacity of ten kilowatts,
which is the case study of this work.
A. overview of SCA technology
The most widespread chillers are absorption chillers as
shown in Fig. 1. About 60% of the existing solar cooling
systems is operating with absorption chillers and about 11%
with adsorption chillers [1]. Almasri et al. [2] presented the
analysis of economic feasibility between the VCC used in
solar cooling with classical and electrical VCC, which are
for “Absorption Chillers, Adsorption Chillers, and Desiccant
Systems”. VCC Cycle is the most common device used in
cooling systems [3]. The main idea of thermal SCA
technology is to use different solar thermal collectors as a
source of heat for the thermal drive chiller. An advanced
system of adiabatic compressed air energy storage with a
changing of ratio of pressure to improve the efficiency of
the energy storage cycle of compressed air was presented
[4]. The basic of the absorption chiller operation is almost
like those for the normal VCC. The 3 units (absorber, pump,
and generator) are instead of VCC compressor [5-7]. On the
other hand, Ma et al. [8], used a cost benefit analysis to set
Fig. 1 Thermally driven chiller market share [1]
the best integration of the re-compression of carbon dioxide
Brayton cycle with primary compression inter- cooling.
Another study compared the effectiveness of multi effect
absorption refrigeration systems. In this work, solar energy is
used to provide power to the absorption cooling cycle in
order to maximize the efficiency of the heat source used in
the absorption system [9]. Kojok et al. [10] studied and
analyzed the use of one of the hybrid cooling systems, which
are an energy-efficient method of cooling buildings.
This work will focus (for the first time in Jordan) on the
economic visibility of using VCC cycles, which use an
adsorption and absorption chiller for the process of
refrigeration. The main objectives of this study are to provide
an overview of various commercially available SCA
technologies and analyze the economic feasibility of selected
SCA technology in Jordan.
II. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF 2 STAGES ADSORPTION
CHILLER (2-SADC)
To check whether the 2-SADC is environmentally and
economically being convenient compared with VCC under
the conditions of Jordanian markets, two scenarios are
proposed using the RETScreen® software package. The two
scenarios analyzed in this work are:
1. The first scenario is by assuming the solar energy and
the CPC collectors represent the technology of heat-
driven source, and the ambient (dry cooler) represents
the technology of heat rejection.
2. The second scenario is by assuming the waste of heat
represents the technology of heat-driven source, and the
2021 Third International Sustainability and Resilience Conference: Climate Change
978-1-6654-1632-0/21/$31.00 ©2021 IEEE 134
2021 Third International Sustainability and Resilience Conference: Climate Change | 978-1-6654-1632-0/21/$31.00 ©2021 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9668047
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