International Journal of Finance and Accounting 2017, 6(4): 111-115
DOI: 10.5923/j.ijfa.20170604.03
Forecasting Mortality Rate of a Ghanaian University
Staff Superannuation Scheme
Abigail Yeboah Boateng
1,*
, Akoto Yaw Omari-Sasu
1
,
Derrick Asamoah Owusu
1
, Maxwell Akwasi Boateng
2
1
Department of Mathematics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
2
Faculty of Engineering, Ghana Technology University College, Ghana
Abstract Longevity is an issue that has gained worldwide importance. For some time now, life expectancy is increasing
rapidly and pension fund managers are on the lookout. This research sought to estimate mortality rate, measure longevity and
forecast mortality rates of a Ghanaian University Staff Superannuation Scheme. This paper focused on Cairns-Blake-Dowd
(2006) model and Holt’s linear trend method. Mortality rates were estimated by the application of the constant force of
mortality. The quarterly mortality rates from 2005 to 2016 were estimated to be within 0.18% and 2.5%. Longevity was
measured and was found to go with higher ages. Longevity for ages 80 and 90 in 2010 were 0.008015 and 0.008131
respectively. Mortality rates were forecasted at various alpha and beta values at a prediction interval of 95 percentage point.
The forecasted mortality rates were shown to decrease with time within the range of 1.05% and 1.54%.
Keywords Cairns-Blake-Dowd model, Forecasting, Holt’s linear trend method, Longevity, Mortality Rate
1. Introduction
During the last hundred years, expectancy of life is on the
rise from twenty-five (25) to thirty (30) year in most
developed countries and this is good from human point of
view. Money-connected institutions like pension houses,
government pensions and life insurance companies have to
face the risk of people living longer than expected.
Longevity inherent on retirement and lifetime benefits plan
made pension houses and insurers of life pay more than usual
as was due to the rise in life expectancy according to Mircea
et al (2014).
Hence, regulations had to be put in place to keep a balance
and take charge of the inherent risks in such plans. The
special feature of such insurance products was their long
term maturity. Longevity risk implied maturities could reach
50 to 80 years and involve various risks that were to be
calculated carefully. From a financial and economic point of
view, many improved systems such as retirement bill and the
setup of long-term insurance care were introduced as a result
of the ageing population. To control longevity, it was
important to analyze the sequence of longevity on economic
dependence.
1.1. Aims
* Corresponding author:
abby.boateng20@gmail.com (Abigail Yeboah Boateng)
Published online at http://journal.sapub.org/ijfa
Copyright © 2017 Scientific & Academic Publishing. All Rights Reserved
A pension fund pay monthly pension benefit to each
pensioner starting from the date of retirement and continues
until death. The employer and the employee who will be the
future beneficiary can finance the pension plan for the
employee’s entire working period, however, any
shortcomings of the pension funds in the future is normally
the employer’s obligation. It is therefore important for the
employer with high confidence and precision be able to
predict the complete amount that will be needed to cater for
future pension duties. Hence the main aim of this research is:
To estimate mortality rates
To measure longevity
To forecast future mortality rates.
1.2. Overview
The importance and issue of longevity and the risk
associated with it has gained international and worldwide
recognition. The aggregate of longevity risk is its determined
and unchangeable nature; Milevsky et al. 2006. In this
research, we will use ‘the two factor stochastic’ mortality
model of Cairns-Blake-Dowd (2006) model as the
instrument to estimate mortality rates, measure longevity
risk and use Holt’s linear method to forecast future mortality
rates.
1.3. Related Works
The Lee-Carter model was commonly used by a lot of
people at various places for the careful study of longevity.
An article in 2012 by Jindrová & Slavícek, dealt with the
growth and the forth telling of life expected at pension by