Research Article Emergence of New Delhi Metallo-Beta-Lactamase (NDM) and Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase (KPC) Production by Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Southern Vietnam and Appropriate Methods of Detection: A Cross-Sectional Study Cuong Q. Hoang 1 , Hai D. Nguyen 1 , Huy Q. Vu 2 , Anh T. Nguyen 3 , Binh T. Pham 2 , Trung L. Tran 4 , Hanh T. H. Nguyen 2 , Y. M. Dao 5 , Tuyet S. M. Nguyen 6 , Dung A. Nguyen 6 , Hang T. T. Tran 2 , and Lan T. Phan 1 1 Te Pasteur Institute, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam 2 Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Nursing and Medical Technology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam 3 Molecular Biomedical Center for Diagnosis and Training, University Medical Center Branch No. 2, Medical and Pharmacy University Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam 4 College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea 5 Department of Microbiology, Dong Nai General Hospital, Dong Nai Province 710000, Vietnam 6 Department of Microbiology, Gia Dinh People’s Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam Correspondence should be addressed to Cuong Q. Hoang; cuonghqpasteur@gmail.com Received 30 November 2018; Revised 7 March 2019; Accepted 31 March 2019; Published 23 April 2019 Academic Editor: Anjali Joshi Copyright © 2019 Cuong Q. Hoang et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) are well known to cause many serious infections resulting in increasing mortality rate, treatment cost, and prolonged hospitalization. Among the widely recognized types of carbapenemases, New Delhi -lactamase (NDM) and Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) are the most important enzymes. However, in Vietnam, there are only scattered reports of CPE due to the lack of simple and afordable methods that are suitable to laboratory conditions. Tis study aims to survey the characteristics of carbapenem-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae (CR-E/K) at two hospitals in Southern Vietnam and perform some simple methods to detect the two enzymes. A total of 100 CR-E/K strains were collected from clinical isolates of Gia Dinh People’s Hospital and Dong Nai General Hospital, Vietnam, from November 2017 to May 2018. Te patient-related information was also included in the analysis. We conducted real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Modifed Hodge Test (MHT), and combined disk test (CDT) on all isolates. Carbapenemase-encoding genes were detected in 47 isolates (36 NDM, 10 KPC, and one isolate harboring both genes). Te E. coli strain carrying simultaneously these two genes was the frst case reported here. Most of isolates were collected from patients in ICU, Infectious Disease Department, and Department of Urologic Surgery. Urine and sputum were two common specimens. Te true positive rate (sensitivity, TPR) and specifcity (SPC) of the imipenem–EDTA (ethylen diamine tetra acetic acid) for NDM detection and the imipenem–PBA (phenylboronic acid) for KPC detection on E. coli were 93.8%, 97.1% and 66.7%, 95.7%, respectively. Meanwhile, the imipenem–EDTA for NDM detection and the imipenem–PBA for KPC detection among K. pneumonia achieved 90.5%, 100% and 100%, 92.9% TPR and SPC, respectively. However, MHT showed low sensitivity and specifcity. Our fndings showed that CP-E/K were detected with high prevalence in the two hospitals. We suggest that CDT can be used as a low-priced and accuratemethod of detection. Hindawi BioMed Research International Volume 2019, Article ID 9757625, 9 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9757625