202 International Research Journal of Management Sciences. Vol., 3 (5), 202-212, 2015 Available online at http://www.irjmsjournal.com ISSN 2147-964x ©2015 Beyond Time and Space Teams: Towards Professional Adhocracy Ali Asghar Pourezzat 1 , Ghazaleh Taheri Attar 2* , Akbar Akbari Lenjabad 3 1 Professor, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 3 Msc in Urban Affairs Management, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran * Corresponding Author: Ghazaleh Taheri Attar ABSTRACT: Success in the future era requires special capabilities. These capacities would be able to make the limited resources, among future limitations, limitation of expert and knowledge worker is very important and determining. Experts are considered as strategic factor in survival of future organizations. In this regard, combining the expertise- oriented of professional bureaucratic and flexibility of adhocracy organizations lead to design an appropriate structure in order to succeed in future age. To be named professional adhocracy. The aims of professional adhocracy are determined by the majority of experts linked to the network. Some members of this organization don ’t know and visit each other, but are committed to professional issues, work together beyond time and space, and have intrinsic motivation to share knowledge. In this organization, the goal setting system is participative process for ensuring survival in the age of knowledge–based era. This quality, distinguishes the approach to goal commitment in these organizations from machine bureaucracies. Based on this study, it seems that using professional adhocracy is very useful for development of the knowledge-based organization in future age Keywords: Professional adhocracy, Beyond Time and Space Groups, Knowledge Sharing, Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. INTRODUCTION Conducting some kind of projects and activities are beyond the life time of a specific generation. Such projects sometimes need the collaboration of different specialized teams in a very long period of time. This transformation of the generations and the considerable amount of handed over work requires a good organization. The mechanism should mainly prevent the beyond time and space teams from repeating mistakes and ignoring the previously gained knowledge. Encyclopedias and lexicons are good examples of such projects (Pourezzat & Taheri Attar, 2009). The value of time and space for organizations will be changed gradually. In the past, the organizations belonged to a space and operated in a definite geographical area (Stebbins & Shani, 1995). The group of organization principles which were influenced by geographical and structural variables (Robbins, 1987) gradually fades away so that geographical divisions are no longer the basis of organization. The problem is that in this ever-changing world, the common organizing methods will not be so efficient; therefore, the organizing and division of work methods will totally change, and the organizations will be obliged to combine professional organizations with adhocracies in order to survive in the global competition and the age of digital economy. In this way, organization with the structure of "professional adhocracy" will be formed in response to these emergencies. The value of saving knowledge workers: Knowledge worker is a person with special behavioral and moral characteristics (Gummer, 2000; Elliman et al., 2005). These workers value their time and do not devote their lifetimes to simple and repeated job. They are so interested in research and study, and in a growing competition of production factors, want to allocate a better share from the added value to knowledge production. They need to have more income in order to free themselves from daily routines.