Global Journal of Agricultural Innovation, Research & Development, 2019, 6, 1-10 1 E-ISSN: 2409-9813/19 © 2019 Avanti Publishers Compare to Planting on Bed and Flad Surface Systems in Wheat and Barley Enver Kendal * Mardin Artuklu Üniversity, Department of Crops and Animal Production, Kızıltepe Vocational Training High School, Mardin, Turkey Abstarct: The main principle of a bed planting system is basically of sowing crops on beds or ridges instead of sowing on the flat surface. The aim of the study was to compare the new (bed) and traditional planting system for wheat and barley in Southeastern Anatolia Region and to identify and quantify potential grain yield and quality, because this planting system is becoming common in farming areas. On the other hand; it was compared with the cost of sowing, seed, irrigation, chemical struggle, harvest and observed the germination of seeds in both the flat surface and bed systems. Traditional, all agricultural applications were sown in flat surface, but special applications were used in bed planting systems. The study was conducted in Diyarbakir ecological conditions in the 2010-2011 production season. Acording to the combined analysis, significant differences were determined at the level of 1% and 5%, in the planting system, genotype and genotype x planting system interactions in terms of grain yield and quality parameters in wheat and barley. The results showed that grain yield and quality were higher in the conventional method than planting on bed (new) system, but, irrigation, struggle with weeds, disease and pest management, the operation of harvesting can be made more comfortable in the bed planting system than conventional system. According to the result of this study, bed planting system can be applied successfully as economic savings for growers through reduced crop inputs and improved production efficiency in wheat and barley, depending on hard conditions (alternation planting cotton, irrigated areas and when the price of seed is high). Keywords: Planting, Bed, Conventional, Barley, Wheat, Biplot. 1. INTRODUCTION Wheat and barley are important cereal crops in many countries including Turkey. Durum wheat is a traditional crop in Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. The importance of it, still continues due to production and export potential for bulghur, macarony and pasta bussines. Barley is produced for feed and livestock for conturies in this region. Therefore, studies of cereal crops focus on both the breeding and planting techniques in Southeastern Anatolia Region. In the studies, until now a very efficient and high quality durum wheat and barley varieties were developed to suitable conditions in region. But the cost of agricultural production has increased over the years and will likely continue; from land prices to fuel and water costs. The cost of fertilizers is very volatile and has risen sharply during the last few years. The rising energy prices have increased the cost of producing and delivering fertilizers. In small grain production, where planting can make up a significant part of the production costs after cotton and maise, it is critically important to develop improved production systems that can reduce inputs or improve efficiency of their use. Southeastern Anatolia Region farmers face another difficulty, which is determining their water allocations to ensure they have *Address correspondence to this author at the Mardin Artuklu Üniversity, Department of Crops and Animal Production, Kızıltepe Vocational Training High School, Mardin, Turkey; Tel: ?????????????????????; E-mail: enver21_1@hotmail.com; enverkendal@artuklu.edu.tr enough water to last the entire season. Water requirements have been increasing in urban, industrial, environmental, and recreational uses, reducing available water for agriculture [4]. In resent years, new varieties developed in breeding programs and most of these varieties are high quality and yielding. Besides the high quality and yielding varieties, they will be useful and economically. They should focus on agronomic packages to reduce the cost. Planting on bed system was developed and implemented for this purpose. This system was developed as alternative planting technique. It offers the opportunity for conservation tillage, direct sowing on permanent beds and reduced cost of tillages. On the other hand, conservation tillage methods prevents erosion, and save time and fuel. Thus, producers who contribute to the country's economy, can spend their time on both agricultural operations and perform other agricultural businesses as soon as possible [2]. Existing research has demonstrated that with good management of resources and adoption of appropriate practices, including improved water conservation, production of quality, high-yielding crops are possible [14]. Historically in Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey, the majority of wheat and barley has been planted on flat surfaces, with flood irrigation after cotton and maize. Flood irrigation on flat ground has been associated with water loss, soil erosion, seed loss and