Abstract—In some countries the domain of medical care is characterized by difficulty, dynamism and diversity. In the 21 st century healthcare represents different challenges (increasing cost of care, population growth and lack of caregivers). For that, cooperation in the Agent Technology can provide better healthcare than the traditional medical system. In fact, Intelligent Agents properties (sociability, proactivity, autonomy) and the features of Multi Agent Systems (management of distributed information, communication and cooperation between different entities) are a good option to solve several problems in the hospital organization. As examples of problems, which appear in the hospital, we cite: collaboration between hospital wards, elaborations of medical diagnostics, coordination among medical entities and the collection of information about patients etc. In this regard, we propose a new medical system called MMAS (Medical Multi- Agent System). The proposed system is complex; it integrates Multi-Agent System in healthcare in order to make care as efficient as possible. Index Terms—Healthcare, agent technology, multi agent system, medical-multi-agent system. I. INTRODUCTION Since 2012 health service in Tunisia has grown into a more fundamental field in the Tunisian economy. The budget of the Tunisian healthcare sector reached 15% of the global budget. Thus, expenses in healthcare are an important part of macroeconomics costs. But the healthcare sector still has many problems (qualitative and qualitative): limited number of hospitals in the inner cities, poor infrastructure, lack of means and equipment, management of staff (recruitment, promotion, etc.), inadequate budget allocations, weak management of departments and low productivity of the current system. The hospitals are confronted with difficulties which sometimes hinder their operations. Currently, the information systems in hospitals are not able to deal with the different problems such as coordination, cooperation and communication between all actors and different services which are not adequately conducted “Fig. 1”. Also, identification and localization of equipment are still not handy in an automated way. Several factors contribute to this unsatisfactory situation. Among the most important ones, it was noted: 1) Inadequate regulatory framework for hospitals: mission, functions, typology, etc are not clearly defined, despite the existence of some related legal texts. 2) Inadequate equipment and poor maintenance. Manuscript received July 14, 2014; revised September 28, 2014. The authors are with National School of Engineers (ENIS), REGIM: REsearch Group on Intelligent Machines, BP 1173, Sfax, 3038, Tunisia (email: {hanen.jemal, zied.kechaou, mounir.benayed, adel.alimi} @ieee.org). These two factors explain why some hospital activities (surgery, for example) do not exist in some regional hospitals. Thus, it is expected that information technology will play a role in reducing expenses and stabilizing healthcare budgets. The spread of computer sciences can help the challenges in using IT (Information Technology) for healthcare. Researchers will need to combine computer science and biomedical engineering to meet specific challenges in healthcare. In fact, thanks to their major characteristics such as reactivity, autonomy, sociability and pro-activity, Multi Agent System (MAS) seems to be adapted to consider these loopholes. In this article, a new Medical Multi-agent system called MMAS (Medical Multi-agent System) is proposed. In the hospital, several types of medical problems can be solved by agents. As examples of problems, which emerge in the hospital, we mention: collaboration between hospital wards, elaborations of diagnostics, the collection of information about patients etc. The adaptation of cooperative MAS can solve these problems. The motivations underlying the use of MAS in the hospital consist in the several aspects that the agents can make during the realization of tasks are:  MAS present the opportunity to decompose the problem: Agents working as a team specialized for defining and integrating information of patient in medical diagnostics.  Coordination between different units and between actors participating in treatment process and optimized exchange of data between these units is one of the main challenges of MAS  The agents negotiate autonomously in order to find equipments and information in order to reach an efficient resource. Fig. 1. The problem of coordination between seven services. MAS’ technology is a solution to meet requirements coming from complex and dynamic environment of hospital. Due to its flexibility and adaptability, an agent in health care, and in particular in the hospital logistics, was chosen. Using MAS technology can also provide personalized assistance for multiple distributed actors, e.g., patients, Hanen Jemal, Zied Kechaou, Mounir Ben Ayed, and Adel M. Alimi A Multi Agent System for Hospital Organization International Journal of Machine Learning and Computing, Vol. 5, No. 1, February 2015 51 DOI: 10.7763/IJMLC.2015.V5.482