Copyright © Authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Effect of Sphagneticola Trilobata Extract on Histological Wistar Rat Kidney Induced by DMBA Bima Juanda Surbakti, Vivi Mardina * , Beni Al Fajar Department of Biology, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Samudra, Langsa, Indonesia *Corresponding author E-mail: vmardina@unsam.ac.id Abstract One factor can trigger the growth and development of cancer cells is free radicals that are from carcinogenic compounds such as dimethylbenz (α) anthracene (DMBA). The use of plant extracts as a preventive or curative in cases of tumors/cancer has been reported, however there is no reports about the in vivo study for Sphagneticola trilobata plant. S. trilobata is an herbal plant that has pharmacological activities, potential to be developed as anticancer agent. This study aims to examine the anticancer effect of the methanol extract of S. trilobata leaves using histology observation on Wistar rat (Rattus novergicus) kidney which was induced by 7,12 dimethylbenz [α] anthracene (DMBA). The study used a completely randomized design with female rats (15 rats) grouped into 5 t reat- ment groups, namely (i) the normal treatment group (KN), (ii) the DMBA-only treatment group (negative control, K(-)), (iii) the first dose (200 mg / kg BW) treatment group (KI), (iv) the second dose (300 mg / kg BW) treatment group (KII), and (v) the third dose (400 mg / kg BW) treatment group (KIII). DMBA was given orally at a concentration of 18 mg / kg BW for 4 times then continued for the extract. The results showed that cell damages (degeneration, necrosis and inflammation) were found mostly in negative controls. The dosage of 200 mg / kg BW of S. trilobata extract was the optimum dose in this study which was able to inhibit histological damage of kidney organs exposed to carcinogens DMBA by decreasing the level of degeneration, necrosis and inflammation. Keywords : DMBA, anticancer, Sphagneticola trilobata extract, degeneration, necrosis, inflamasi, histology 1. Introduction The main cause of cancer is not known with certainty; however one of the factors that may trigger the growth and development of cancer cells is free radicals. Free radicals can be induced from several carcinogenic compounds such as benzo pyrene and dimethylbenz (α) anthracene (DMBA). Benzo (α) pyrene and DMBA can easily insert into deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), causing genetic mutations that trigger the growth of cancer cells [1] [2]. The discovery of new anticancer agent by exploring natural ingredients has the potential to be developed, particularly in the use of herbal medicines. Previous studies have shown certain compounds in plants can inhibit or even kill cancer cells so that they have the potential as an anticancer agent [3] [4] [5]. One of the plant that has the potential as an anticancer is Sphagneticola trilobata [6] [7]. [3] states that the methanol extract of Sphagneticola trilobata leaves contains bioactive steroid compounds that have cytotoxic activity against in vitro cancer cell. As far as literature review on S. trilobata, there is no scientific data on the use of Sphagneticola trilobata as an anti-tumor / anti-cancer agent in vivo in view of histological preparat of renal mammals. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the potential of S. trilobata leaves as an anticancer agent in vivo in view from histological description of renal mammal (Rattus novergicus) that induced by 7,12 dimethylbenz [α] anthracene (DMBA). 2. Methods The main material (leaves of S. trilobata) was collected from Langsa, Aceh. Rattus novergicus was obtained from Roemah Mencit Me- dan, Indonesia, and compound DMBA was purchased from Sigma Alderich Singapore. The research was performed at the Universitas Samudra. However, the histological preparat of renal was made at the anatomical pathology laboratory, faculty of medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara. The S. trilobata extract was prepare using the method which suggested by [2]. Briefly, leaves samples were dried for ± 7-10 days and cut into small pieces before soaking in methanol for 3 days. Preparation of DMBA Carcinogen Suspension was dissolved in olive oil with a concentration of 18 mg/kg BW of animals. The animals used in this study were 15 female white rats of the Rattus Norvegicus type, body weight ± 160 grams, aged 5-6 months. The animals were divided into 5 groups, each consisting of 3 animals. DMBA induction was carried out at a concentration of 18mg/kg BW of ,International Journal of Engineering, Science & InformationTechnology (IJESTY) Volume 1, No. 3 (2021) pp. 27-34 eISSN: 2775-2674 Website: http://ijesty.org/index.php/ijesty DOI: https://doi.org/10.52088/ijesty.v1i2.82 Research Paper, Short Communication, Review, Technical Paper