© Copyright by International OCSCO World Press. All rights reserved. 2007
VOLUME 20
ISSUES 1-2
January-February
2007
Occasional paper 37
of Achievements in Materials
and Manufacturing Engineering
of Achievements in Materials
and Manufacturing Engineering
Abrasive and erosive wear resistance of GMA
metal cored wire cermetal deposits
A. Klimpel*, D. Janicki, A.St. Klimpel, A. Rzeźnikiewicz
Welding Department, Silesian University of Technology,
ul. Konarskiego 18a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
* Corresponding author: E-mail address: andrzej.klimpel@polsl.pl
Received 03.11.2006; accepted in revised form 15.11.2006
Manufacturing and processing
AbstrAct
Purpose: Purpose of these researches was to determine influence of GMA metal cored wire surfacing parameters
on the abrasive and erosive wear resistance of the one layer and three layer weave bead cermetal deposits.
Design/methodology/approach: One layer and three layer weave bead deposits were GMA surfaced using
metal cored wire (nickel based + 54%WC) 1.6 [mm] dia. To determine quality of deposits Visual Inspection,
MT examinations, hardness HRC and HV10 measurements on the ground surface of deposits, macrostructure
and microstructure observations, abrasive and erosion wear resistance tests were done.
Findings: Hardness of deposits tested is in the range from 453–517 HV10 (44.5-47.9 HRC) and is a function of
the value of heat input of surfacing. WC carbides population density, size and distribution in nickel alloy matrix
of deposits tested is a function of GMA heat input of surfacing. Low heat input of surfacing insures uniform
distribution of WC carbides on the cross section of deposits. The low heat input GMA surfaced weave bead
deposits provide 10 times higher abrasion wear resistance and 4.2 times higher erosion wear resistance than
HARDOX 400 steel plate.
Research limitations/implications: Results of this paper is to increase quality of GMA cermetal deposits.
Originality/value: Hardness of deposits can not be treated as the abrasion and erosion wear resistance indicator.
Keywords: Welding; Surfacing; GMA
1. Introduction
Semi- and automatic GMA flux and metal cored wire
surfacing is one of most popular method of surfacing of new or
worn machine parts [1-4]. It is possible to deposit layers in all
surfacing positions with efficiency from a few up a dozen or so
kilograms of weld metal deposit per hour.
Modern metal cored wires allow to deposit layers providing a
broad spectrum of almost optional chemical compositions e.g.
iron based alloys including ferritic/bainitic alloys, martensitic
alloys, mixed martensitic/austenitic alloys, austenitic alloys,
austenitic manganese alloys, primary austenite with austenite-
carbide eutectic, primary carbides with austenite-carbide eutectic,
nickel and cobalt based alloys and metal-ceramic materials, e.g.
iron, nickel or cobalt alloys with primary WC or W
2
C carbides
and iron based alloys with liquid metal-like structures called nano
wires [3, 4, 5]. All these materials are GMA surfaced on new or
worn working surfaces of machine parts or elements to provide
specific properties as abrasive and adhesive wear resistance,
erosion resistance, corrosion resistance, heat resistance and many
of theirs combinations [1-20].
It is reported that 50-60% of machine elements are worn due to
erosive and abrasive wear which has many forms including low
stress, high stress, dry or wet abrasion [1, 2, 6-20]. Erosion and
abrasion wear resistance of GMA surfaced layers is a function of
many factors but basic are chemical composition and microstructure
which on other hand depend on GMA surfacing parameters. The
solidification morphology and as the result the microstructure of weld
metal deposits depends on speed of surfacing, surfacing arc current
and arc voltage (heat input of GMA surfacing). Additionally the heat
input allows controlling the shape of fusion line, penetration depth
and dilution, thus chemical composition of the deposit.
Cermetal deposits contain very hard tungsten carbides,
usually in proportion 40-60% carbide anchored in matrix alloy.
1. Introduction