ISSN: 2319-8753 International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology Volume 2, Issue 5, May 2013 Copyright to IJIRSET www.ijirset.com 1850 Simulation of Karangkates Reservoir Operation Mohammed Sharif 1 , Ayman T Hamid 2 , Azhar Husain 3 Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia Central University, New Delhi, India Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq PhD student, Department of Civil Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia Central University, New Delhi, India Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia Central University, New Delhi, India Abstract: The present paper describes the application of a simulation model for the operation of Karangkates reservoir in the Brantas Basin located in East Java – the largest province of Java, Indonesia. At present, the basin is experiencing considerable stress on the water resources in the basin due to huge developmental pressures. Consequently, the water resources in the Brantas basin are fast approaching their limits. The demand for potable water is increasing rapidly, and therefore it is important that the available water resources are managed in the best possible manner. Through this research, the application of simulation model for the operation of Karangkates reservoir has been demonstrated. Simulation models runs have been carried out to estimate peak and offpeak power that could be generated from the Karangkates reservoirs at different exceedence probabilities. Results have been presented for the 50%, 95% and 98% exceedence probabilities. A distinct practical advantage of the simulation model presented here is that it can be used to simulate the operation of reservoirs under various user defined operating policies. Keywords: simulation, Karangkate, reservoir, Brantas I. INTRODUCTION Water resource systems are an important part of the infra-structure of every country, particularly the developing ones. In addition to the basic purpose of supporting life, they serve a multitude of water uses such as water supply, hydropower generation, recreation, irrigation, flood control, navigation and wild life maintenance. The spatial and temporal distribution of water is highly variable and is dependent upon the climatic factors that are beyond human control. Due to tremendous population growth and extensive industrial and agricultural development, the demand on water resources is increasing everywhere in the world. In some parts, the characteristics of water supply and demand pose few problems for agricultural, domestic, and industrial users. In other areas, including much of the developing world, physical, social and political factors make effective water resource management vital. In developing countries, the gap between water demand and supply has been continuously widening. This has led to an increased emphasis on the optimal management of the available resources. Rigorous planning and management of water resources is required for long term sustainable resource development. The need for optimal management of existing water resource systems as well as the optimal development of the new ones is now universally acknowledged. Optimising the economic benefits of water resource systems is a classical and persistent problem. The solution to the problem is difficult because of the large number of variables involved, the non-linearity of system dynamics, the stochastic nature of future inflows, and other uncertainties of the system. Nevertheless, a number of mathematical programming techniques have been developed to aid derivation of optimal operating strategies for water resource systems. Most of these techniques perform satisfactorily for the problems they are developed for. A generic methodology that can handle problems in their general form has not yet been identified however. For this reason, there is a continuing need to improve and extend existing optimisation techniques as well as to explore new ones. II. LITERATURE REVIEW During the last three decades, one of the most important advances made in the field of water resources engineering has been the development of optimisation techniques for planning, design and management of complex water resource systems. The recent rapid increase in computer technology has made the development of sophisticated mathematical models for the analysis of water resource systems possible. These models are increasingly being used by system managers to determine decision alternatives which are optimal in some defined sense. The optimisation of reservoir systems operation usually involves the search through large decision spaces for optimal parameter sets. Often, the