Review Article
Volume 7 Issue 4 - December 2017
DIO : 10.19080/IJESNR.2017.07.555720
Estimation of Relationship Between Aerosol Optical
Depth, PM
10
and Visibility in Separation of Synoptic
Codes, As Important Parameters in Researches
Connected to Aerosols; Using Genetic Algorithm in
Yazd
Mahdi Dehghan, Kamal Omidvar, Gholamali Mozafari* and Ahmad Mazidi
Department of Geography, University of Yazd, Iran
Submission: December 11, 2017; Published: December 21, 2017
*Corresponding author: Gholamali Mozafari, Associate Professor of Climatology, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran,
Tel: ; Email:
Int J Environ Sci Nat Res 7(4): IJESNR.MS.ID.555720 (2017)
00108
Int J Environ Sci Nat Res
Copyright © All rights are reserved by : Gholamali Mozafari
Abstract
Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) is closely related to PM
10
(mass concentration of particulate matter with aero dynamical diameter less than 10
µm) and visibility; and all of these three parameters are so important and useful to studies connected to aerosols, troposphere dust, air pollution
and atmospheric radiation budget. This study analyzed the mathematic relations between AOD, PM
10
and visibility whit separation of 05, 06 and
07 synoptic conditions; whit using evolutional Genetic Algorithm. The area’s case study has been Yazd city as representative of central of Iran
for 5 years (2011-2015). The aim of this analysis has been to reach relations that can estimate lack quantities of mentions data parameters from
another existence data whit the least error. To attain these mathematic relations, liner regression equation and several kind of famous function
has been comparison; which the Polynomial function selected as the best fitness function. The conclusion of this study was four function based
on polynomial liner model with 95% confidence bounds that presented. These presented equations are for estimate AOD from PM
10
and visibility
quantities in general condition; and in 05, 06 and 07 synoptic codes separations.
Keywords: Aerosol optical depth; PM
10
; Visibility; Genetic Algorithm; Polynomial Function; Yazd
Abbreviations: PM: Particulate Matter; AOD: Aerosol Optical Depth; MODIS: Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro Radiometer; RMSE: Root-
Mean-Square Error; UTC: Coordinated Universal Time
Introduction
Troposphere aerosols which are well known as particulate
matter (PM) consist one of the regulatory parameters in the
atmosphere by changing the Earth’s radiation budget and
thus aerosols have an extensive impact on our climate and our
environment. The PM concentration has become an important
index of air pollution, and gained more and more attention
from the organizations and administrations of environmental
protection, public health and science all over the world. Short and
long term exposure to PM causes ascending mortality rates, and
morbidities such as variety of cardiovascular diseases [1-4]. PMs
with aerodynamic diameters less than 10 microns (μm) known
as PM
10
; that is a major component of air pollution that threatens
both our health and our environment.
Visibility is defined as the greatest distance in a given direction
at which an object can be visually identified whit unaided eyesight
[5]. Horizontal visibility is an indicator of air quality, and PM
adversely associated with visibility impairment. Also, 05 (Haze),
06 (widespread dust in suspension not raised by wind) and 07
(dust or sand raised by wind) are some of the most important
synoptic condition effective to horizontal visibility. As reported
by previous studies, aerosol concentration variability can change
particle extinction properties and thus affect visibility [6,7]. On
the other hand, Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) is defined for the
entire column of atmosphere and is a measure of the extinction
of light from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. AOD is
an aerosol optical property which is now well retrieved from
numerous sensors such as Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro
radiometer (MODIS) [8,9]. It can be measured by MODIS as well
as by ground based instruments (sun photometers) at multiple
wavelengths [10]. Therefore, it seems that we can establish some
equations to estimate these parameters to define some lack data
from other existence.
Previous researches have examined the correlation between
visibility and the aerosol characteristic, and have made it clear that
the heterogeneous concentration of aerosols in the atmosphere,
changes atmospheric optical conditions and consequently,