© 2022 The Author(s)
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). To
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RESEARCH PAPER 1
Customers’ behavioural immune system responses
to pathogen cues at tourism and hospitality facilities
during the COVID-19 pandemic
Arthur Huang
1
*, Melissa Farboudi Jahromi
2
and Julia Marquez
3
1
Rosen College of Hospitality Management, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32819, USA. Email:
arthur.huang@ucf.edu
2
Rosen College of Hospitality Management, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32819, USA. Email:
Melissa.FarboudiJahromi@ucf.edu
3
Rosen College of Hospitality Management, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32819, USA. Email:
JuliaM09@knights.ucf.edu
*Corresponding author
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed various obstacles and restrictions for the tourism and hospitality industry.
This paper adopts the concept of the behavioural immune system to discuss tourism and hospitality customers’
potential behaviours during the pandemic and provide business strategies that can address these behaviours. The
behavioural immune system is a motivational system that determines individuals’ behaviours to pathogen
infection. First, this study introduces the mechanism of the behavioural immune system including environmental
evaluation and aversive perception, aversive emotional and cognitive responses, and avoidance behaviours. It also
provides examples in the guest service context to better portray the mechanism. Second, the study suggests specific
measures for tourism and hospitality businesses that may help them to prevent the aversive and avoidance
responses of customers triggered by their behavioural immune system during the pandemic. Then, the study
integrates customers’ responses and businesses’ measures in a framework, which extends the literature on
customers’ behaviour in the hospitality and tourism context. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time the
concept of behavioural immune system is adopted to discuss customers’ behaviours towards tourism and
hospitality services during a pandemic.
Key words: Customer behaviour, behavioural immune system, aversive behaviours, COVID-19 pandemic
Citation: Huang, A., Farboudi Jahromi, M. and Marquez, J. (2022). Customers’ behavioural immune system
responses to pathogen cues at tourism and hospitality facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. European Journal
of Tourism Research 30, 3015.