Abstract—In today's world, with increasing environmental awareness, firms are facing severe pressure from various stakeholders, including the government and customers, to reduce their harmful effects on the environment. Over the past few decades, the increasing effects of global warming, climate change, waste, and air pollution have increased the global attention of experts to the issue of the green supply chain and led them to the optimal solution for greenery. Green supply chain management (GSCM) plays an important role in motivating the sustainability of the organization. With increasing environmental concerns, the main objective of the research is to use system thinking methodology and Vensim software for designing a dynamic system model for green supply chain and observing behaviors. Using this methodology, we look for the effects of a green supply chain structure on the behavioral dynamics of output variables. We try to simulate the complexity of GSCM in a period of 30 months and observe the complexity of behaviors of variables including sustainability, providing green products, and reducing energy consumption, and consequently reducing sample pollution. Keywords—Supply chain management, green supply chain management, system dynamics, energy consumption. I. INTRODUCTION HE term sustainable supply chain or green refers to the integration of sustainable environmental processes into a traditional supply chain. This can include processes such as material selection and purchase, product preparation, product design, product production and assembly, product distribution, and end-of-life management [7]. Undoubtedly, air and water pollution reduction and waste management is the main goal of the green supply chain. Green operations examine companies' performance in terms of less waste generation, reuse and recycling of products, and reduction of production costs [4], [5]. Green supply chain can reduce environmental pollution and production costs, and can also lead to economic growth, create a competitive advantage in terms of greater customer satisfaction, a positive image and business reputation, and a better opportunity to export our products to pro-environment countries. The idea of green includes innovations and new techniques to protect environmental sustainability that can be achieved through corporate social responsibility, green production, waste reduction, recycling and rebuilding an environmentally friendly supply chain [14]. The rapid growth of industry and industrial development endanger the natural environment of the country. Also, the use of inappropriate and outdated technologies as well as Nazli Akhlaghinia is with the Tarbiat Modares University, Iran, Islamic Republic Of (e-mail: nazliakhlaghinia@gmail.com). inefficient management in industries has led to excessive consumption of primary resources. The severity of environmental pollution caused by waste materials in cities and industrial centers is such that it has attracted scientific and executive attention for proper disposal, or principled recycling of these materials. Today, ensuring the sustainable development of any country depends on the conservation and optimal use of limited and irreplaceable resources in that country. Various measures and decisions have been taken in this field, including green laws and principles, such as the use of environmentally friendly raw materials in production and industrial centers, reducing the use of fossil and oil energy resources, recycling paper and reusing waste. The pressure of government regulations to adopt environmental standards and the growing consumer demand for natural (green) products has led to the emergence of a new concept of GSCM, which includes product life cycle stages from design to recycling in a way that is compatible with the environment [17]. The importance of GSCM goes beyond preventing the use of toxic chemicals or reducing the release of pollutants into the environment. GSCM principles can be applied to all parts of an organization and all tangible and intangible areas. The benefits of complying with the GSCM can be divided into three categories: 1- material benefits, 2- intangible benefits, and 3- emotional benefits. 1) Material benefits: Reducing the environmental burden on the environment, reducing the costs of suppliers, producers and customers and reducing energy consumption and resources in society are considered material resources. 2) Intangible benefits: Among the intangible benefits of GSCM are ease of access for producers, customer satisfaction and better satisfaction of social needs. 3) Emotional benefits: Better image for suppliers and manufacturers, better feeling and improved quality of life for customers, and forcing different industries to accept responsibility towards society, are among the emotional benefits of GSCM. A. The Role of Success Factors in GSCM There is no doubt that green supply chain is a relatively new idea, which gains its popularity when it improves environmental performance throughout the chain. Here are six key success factors for achieving GSCM to achieve better environmental sustainability [2], [3]. We have identified these dimensions: 1- Ethical leadership/internal management, 2- Customer management, 3- Supplier management, 4- Competitiveness, 5- Monitoring, 6- Social responsibility [24]. Ethical Leadership/Internal Management Internal management includes the support and Simulation Model for Optimizing Energy in Supply Chain Management Nazli Akhlaghinia, Ali Rajabzadeh Ghatari T World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Vol:15, No:4, 2021 180 International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 15(4) 2021 ISNI:0000000091950263 Open Science Index, Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Vol:15, No:4, 2021 publications.waset.org/10011968/pdf