Research Article
A Neuron Model Based Ultralow Current
Sensor System for Bioapplications
A. K. M. Arifuzzman, Mohammad Shafquatul Islam, and Mohammad Rafiqul Haider
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Te University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
Correspondence should be addressed to Mohammad Rafqul Haider; mrhaider@uab.edu
Received 30 July 2015; Revised 26 January 2016; Accepted 27 January 2016
Academic Editor: Jian-Nong Cao
Copyright © 2016 A. K. M. Arifuzzman et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly
cited.
An ultralow current sensor system based on the Izhikevich neuron model is presented in this paper. Te Izhikevich neuron model
has been used for its superior computational efciency and greater biological plausibility over other well-known neuron spiking
models. Of the many biological neuron spiking features, regular spiking, chattering, and neostriatal spiny projection spiking have
been reproduced by adjusting the parameters associated with the model at hand. Tis paper also presents a modifed interpretation
of the regular spiking feature in which the fring pattern is similar to that of the regular spiking but with improved dynamic range
ofering. Te sensor current ranges between 2 pA and 8 nA and exhibits linearity in the range of 0.9665 to 0.9989 for diferent
spiking features. Te efcacy of the sensor system in detecting low amount of current along with its high linearity attribute makes
it very suitable for biomedical applications.
1. Introduction
In light of the successful strides achieved in biomedical tech-
nology in the last couple of decades, the 21st century is expe-
riencing intensifed demands in ultralow current biosensors
as it has become increasingly apparent that ultralow current
sensors play a critical role in many bioapplications, especially
those aimed at biosensing systems. Te ultralow current
sensors are frequently used in areas such as clinical diagnosis,
genome research, drug development [1], surveying systems,
metabolite activity monitoring [2], and bioelectrochemical
sensors [3].
State-of-the-art biosensors ofer numerous advantages in
the form of high selectivity, high sensitivity, large dynamic
range, lower response time, simple calibration techniques,
feld reconfgurability, reproducibility, stability, low power
consumption, and low manufacturability cost. A neuron’s
capability of sensing changes in environment is exception-
ally explicit and exquisitely sensitive [4], doing such with
fying initial response times, which are usually as short
as milliseconds. A lot of efort has already been put into
the advancement of spike based neuron sensor applica-
tions such as tactile sensing [5], biomolecular detections
[6], and capacitive biosensor [7]. Due to the compensa-
tions mentioned above an ultralow current detection sensor
based on neural spiking model has been introduced in this
paper.
Te neuron spiking model is based on the Izhikevich
neuron model which ofers similar biological plausibility as
the Hodgkin-Huxley model but with superior computational
efciency as the integrate-and-fre model. Te mathematical
model of the Izhikevich neuron model is given in [8]. A
crucial advantage of this model is that one can easily generate
diferent spiking features of a neuron by varying only a hand-
ful number of parameters, as we have produced four diferent
spiking features: regular spiking, chattering, neostriatal spiny
projection, and modifed regular spiking. Among them the
modifed regular spiking is analogous to the regular spiking
feature but with improved range of input sensing current.
A notable observation here is that the spiking features of
this particular neuron model are always triggered at ultralow
current, usually in the picoampere (pA) to nanoampere (nA)
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Journal of Sensors
Volume 2016, Article ID 9437129, 11 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9437129