Solid State Communications, Vol. 64, No. 3, pp. 379-382, 1987.
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© 1987 Pergamon Journals Ltd.
BAND EDGE OFFSETS IN STRAINED (InGa)As--(A1Ga)As HETEROSTRUCTURES
T.G. Andersson, Z.G. Chen, V.D. Kulakovskii*, A. Uddint and J.T. Vallin
Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, S-412 96 G6teborg, Sweden
(Received 30 March 1987 by L. Hedin)
The excitonic transitions between the ground electron and hole
quantum well sublevels in strained InxGa~_xAs-AlyGal_yAs multiple
quantum well structures (x = 0.12-0.35 and y = 0.2-0.35) have been
investigated by means of photoluminescence and photoconductivity
measurements. The molecular beam epitaxy grown structures
contained an AlyGal_yAs matrix with one unstrained GaAs and three
strained InxGal_xAs quantum wells one of which was in the GaAs
cladding layers. The ratio of the conduction band edge line up to the
band gap offset for the strained In~Ga~_xAs-unstrained AlyGal_yAs
interface has been found to be 0.67 _+ 0.08 for the studied regions of
x and y.
UNDERSTANDING THE PHYSICS of strained
quantum wells (QW) and superlattices will largely
extend the number of useful heterostructures from the
common (AIGa)As-GaAs system. The InxGa~_xAs-
GaAs and InxGat_xAs-AlyGal_yAs system are
important heterostructures for high speed and opto-
electronic device applications and for investigating the
physics of strained QW structures and superlattices.
Despite the lattice mismatch (~ 7%) between GaAs
(AlAs) and InAs, high quality strained single (SQW)
and multiple (MQW) quantum well structures as well
as superlattices can be grown provided the thickness
of the strained layers is kept small enough to avoid a
misfit dislocation generation [1-5]. In such layers the
lattice mismatch is entirely taken up by elastic strain.
The critical thickness, Lc, for dislocation generation
has been found [4, 5] to be approximately inversely
proportional to the In content and being about 200 A
for an In0 ~sGa0ssAs QW in GaAs. The substitution of
Ga in GaAs by Al should not influence critical thick-
ness as the AlAs and GaAs lattice mismatch is only
0.1%.
One of the basic parameters characterizing the
properties of heterostructures is the conduction
(valence) band offset, AEc(AEv), across the interface.
It has been found [6-8] that at the GaAs-AlxGa~ _xAs
interface the ratio AE~/AEg ~ 0.64 (AEg =
AEc + AE, is the band gap discontinuity). The repor-
* On leave from the Solid State Physics Institute of
Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Chernogolovka,
USSR.
t On leave from the Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka,
Bangladesh.
ted values of AE,/AEg for the interface between
strained InxGa~_xAs and unstrained GaAs are 0.7 [9]
and 0.8 [10]. In the present Communication the band
edge offsets have been investigated for the first time in
the strained InxGa~ xAs-unstrained AlyGal_yAs sys-
tem by means of photoluminescence (PL) and photo-
conductivity (PC) measurements.
The use of optical methods for the band edge
offset determination is based on comparing measured
excitonic transition energies in a QW with those cal-
culated from a particle-in-box model with a single
adjustable parameter AE<IAE~. Unfortunately, in
general the necessary accuracy in the QW thickness
and the (InGa)As and (AlGa)As compositions cannot
be obtained from X-ray measurements. To determine
all the characteristics of the heterostructure by means
of precise optical methods we have studied specially
designed MQW structures shown in Fig. 1. They con-
tain an AlyGa~_yAS matrix with one GaAs and two
InxAs QW's. In addition there is one InxGa~ _xAs (just
below the critical thickness) QW separated from the
AlyGa~_yAs matrix by 150 A GaAs layers. The GaAs
GaAs
GaAs (InGa)As cladding (AlGa)As
QW QW°s layers matrix
GaAs
(buffer)
!
Fig. 1. The energy structure of the investigated MQW
samples and the observed QW emission transitions.
379