Original Research Article DOI: 10.18231/2394-6377.2018.0027 International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research, January-March, 2018;5(1):134-137 134 Role of Lipids in type 2 diabetes mellitus for causation of coronary artery disease Smita S. Swami 1 , Anuradha M Kanhere 2 , Sanjay C Swami 3,* 1,3 Assistant Professor, 2 Additional Professor, Dept. of Biochemistry, 1 D. Y. Patil School of Medicine, Navi Mumbai, 2,3 T. N. Medical College, Mumbai, India *Corresponding Author: Email: sanjviews@yahoo.co.in Abstract Diabetes is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and disturbances of carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism. The present study was undertaken to research the association between serum lipid profile, its abnormalities and the increase risk of coronary artery disease. The study compromised of total 60 subjects out of which 30 were diabetic pateints with T2D and 30 healthy indiviuals, both from the age group 35-50 years. The results indicated that there was a considerable increase in the lipid and its parameters. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, HDL-c, LDL-c, Lipid profile, Total cholesterol, VLDL-c. Received: 01 st October, 2017 Accepted: 17 th October, 2017 Introduction Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease, which occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) (formerly called non-insulin- dependent or adult-onset diabetes) is caused by the body's ineffective use of insulin. Instead of moving into your cells where it's needed for energy, sugar builds up in the bloodstream. Exactly why this happens is uncertain, although it’s believed that genetic and environmental factors play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes. Being overweight is strongly linked to the development of T2D, but not everyone with T2 is overweight. 1 Tissue resistance to insulin-mediated glucose uptake is now recognized as a major pathophysiologic determinant of T2D.(Fig. 1) There has been an explosion of research that has been established insulin resistance both as a clinical precursor of diabetes and a possible explanation for the associated injurious alterations in cardiovascular health. Insulin resistance compels the pancreatic islet cells to hyper secrete insulin and at some stage the pancreas is unable to secrete enough insulin to overcome the insulin resistance and this leads to – cells exhaustion and ultimately to glucose intolerance and DM. The clinical consequences of reduced insulin sensitivity are not limited to diabetes, but also encompass other chronic conditions like dyslipidaemia and hypertension. The net action of insulin is to decrease the blood glucose level by inhibiting gluconeogenesis and stimulating glycolysis. Insulin also has lipogenic action promoting lipogenesis and inhibiting lipolysis. 2 Protein synthesis is stimulated and protein degradation is retarded by insulin. 3 Fig. 1. Pathophysiology of T2D Hyperlipidemia has been defined in the past as plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels that exceed ‘normal’ levels. Hyperlipidemia is a metabolic disorder, which is secondary to diabetes. The increased risk of coronary artery disease in subjects with DM can be partially explained by the lipoprotien abnormalities associated with DM. The most common lipid abnormalities is hypertriglyceridemia and low levels of high –density lipoprotein. Its prevalence is variable depending upon the type and severity of diabetes, glycemic control, nutrional status, age, life style and other factors. 4 Dyslipidemias was traditionally classified by patterns of elevation in lipids and lipoproteins. A