Research Article Antimicrobial Efficacy of Intracanal Medicaments against E. Faecalis Bacteria in Infected Primary Molars by Using Real-Time PCR: A Randomized Clinical Trial Yasamin Ghahramani , 1 Najmeh Mohammadi , 2 Ahmad Gholami , 3,4 and Dordaneh Ghaffaripour 5 1 Department of Endodontics, Shiraz Dental School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shiraz Dental School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 3 Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 4 Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 5 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shiraz Dental School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoNajmehMohammadi;najme_mohammadi64@yahoo.com Received 17 October 2020; Revised 4 December 2020; Accepted 10 December 2020; Published 21 December 2020 AcademicEditor:BoonlertKukiattrakoon Copyright©2020YasaminGhahramanietal.isisanopenaccessarticledistributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Aim.isstudyaimedtocomparetheantimicrobialefficacyofcalciumhydroxide(CH)andtripleantibioticpaste(TAP)against E. faecalis bacteriaininfectedprimarymolars. Methods and Materials.irty-nine4–6-year-oldchildrenwithaninfectedprimary molar were randomly divided into three equal groups (n � 13) to receive either CH or TAP and an untreated control group. Following access cavity preparation, the first microbiological samples (S1) were collected by using absorbent paper points. e canalswerepreparedandrinsed.en,CHorTAPwasappliedintherootcanals.Sevendayslater,thesecondmicrobiological samples (S2) were collected. DNA extraction was performed to count E. faecalis bacteriabyusingreal-timePCRforS1andS2 samples.Datawereanalyzedthroughone-wayANOVAandTukey’stest(α � 0.05). Results. E. faecalis bacteriacountsdecreased significantlyinCHandTAPgroupscomparedwiththecontrolgroup(P ≤ 0.001).However,nostatisticallysignificantdifference existedbetweenthesetwogroups(P � 0.698). Conclusion.BothTAPandCHhavesignificantantimicrobialeffectsasintracanal medicament between the treatment sessions in infected primary teeth. 1. Introduction Bacteriaareknownasamajorcauseofpulpalandperiapical diseases[1,2].ecomplexnatureoftherootcanalsystem necessitates a combination of mechanical instrumentation and irrigation to reduce the microorganisms in the root canal [3]. It is quite difficult to entirely disinfect the root canal system in chronically infected primary molars. Che- momechanicalpreparationisoftennotsufficient,andmany bacteria might remain [4, 5]. Recently, antimicrobial me- dicaments have been introduced to accomplish complete sterilization of root canals and yield better treatment out- comes [6, 7]. Calcium hydroxide (CH) is commonly used in end- odonticsasanintracanalmedicamentbetweenthetreatment sessionsfornecroticpermanentteeth[8,9].However,itdoes not affect some bacterial strains such as E. faecalis [9–11]. Infections in the primary root canals are associated with a broadvarietyofmicroorganisms,amongwhich E. faecalis is one of the most prevalent and resistant bacteria species in both deciduous and permanent root canals [8, 12–14]. eneedtowipeoutdeeplypenetratedresistantbacteria from the dentinal tubules and improve the treatment of infected teeth have resulted in introduction of other me- dicamentssuchastripleantibioticpaste[7],whichhasbeen successfullyusedinprimaryandpermanentnecroticcanals Hindawi International Journal of Dentistry Volume 2020, Article ID 6669607, 6 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6669607