A comparison of suicidal behavior by burns five years before and five years after the 2011 Tunisian Revolution Mehdi Ben Khelil a, b, * , Amine Zgarni a , Mounir Ben Mohamed a , Mohamed Allouche a, b , Anis Benzarti a, b , Ahmed Banasr a, b , Moncef Hamdoun a, b a Faculty of Medicine, University Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia b Department of Legal Medicine, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia a b s t r a c t Introduction: In Tunisia, the phenomenon of self-immolation has increased dramatically since the self-burn of Mohamed Bouazizi which occurred on 17 December 2010. The aim of our study was to compare the casualties’ profile of suicide by self-immolation before and after the Tunisian Revolution over a period of 10 years (2006 –2015). Methods: We conducted a retrospective review including all the cases of self-immolation suicides that occurred in Northern Tunisia five years before and five years after the January 2011 Revolution. We excluded cases of self-immolations committed in governorates other than the north of Tunisia as well as casualties of accidental or criminal burns and those where the context could evoke suicidal immolation but the self-inflicted nature has not been confirmed. The study sample was subdivided in two groups according to the Revolution date: before the Revolution (2006 –2010) and after the Revolution (2011 –2015). We compared for each group data related to the age, gender, marital status, employment, mental disease history, previous suicide attempts and threats, place of suicide and its motive, the type of fire accelerator, the hospitalization and the average body surface area burned. Results: The number (n=48/24.5% before 2011) of suicide by self-immolation has tripled during the post-revolution period (2011 –2015) with a stable trend. The average age (35.6 13.4) has not changed. The male remained predominant before and after the Revolution (sex ratio of respectively 1.67 and 3.23). Marital status (victims being single in n=81 cases/41.3%) and the employment (unemployed in n = 128/65.3%) of the casualties have not changed either after 2011. Fewer cases with psychiatric history were reported (n = 21/43.7% before against n=52/35.1% after). Self-immolation increased in public places (n=9/18.7% before against n=50/33.8% after) and in an administration (n=2/4.2% before against n=19/12.8% after). More suicides after 2011 were due to financial problems (n=2/4.2% before against n=30/20.3% after) or due to a conflict with a state representative (n=2/4.2% before against n=18/12.2% after) with fewer cases due to a decompensation of mental illness (n = 18/37.5% before against n=22/26.4% after). Conclusion: Our study highlighted modifications of the casualties’ profile of self-immolation after the Tunisian Revolution represented essentially by less psychiatric history and more suicides occurring in public places and in front of public administrations as well as suicides a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Accepted 15 October 2016 Available online xxx Keywords: Burns Self-immolation Suicide Tunisia Revolution Media * Corresponding author at: 20 Rue Ahmed Khairedine, Le Bardo, 2000 Tunis, Tunisia. Fax : +216 71 56 13 65. E-mail address: benkhelilmehdi@yahoo.fr (M. Ben Khelil). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2016.10.014 0305-4179/© 2016 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved. b u r n s x x x ( 2 0 1 6 ) x x x – x x x JBUR 5107 No. of Pages 8 Please cite this article in press as: M. Ben Khelil, et al., A comparison of suicidal behavior by burns five years before and five years after the 2011 Tunisian Revolution, Burns (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2016.10.014 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect jo u rn al h o mep age: w ww .elsevier .co m /loc ate/b u rn s