Research Article Open Access Volume 6 • Issue 6 • 1000413 J Environ Anal Toxicol, an open access journal ISSN: 2161-0525 Open Access Research Article Journal of Environmental & Analytical Toxicology J o u r n a l o f E n v i r o n m e n t a l & A n a l y t i c a l T o x i c o l o g y ISSN: 2161-0525 Jadoon et al., J Environ Anal Toxicol 2016, 6:6 DOI: 10.4172/2161-0525.1000413 Keywords: Soil pollution; Bazian; Physicochemical parameters Introduction Cement is the most common material that is used in wide range of construction applications nowadays, such as pavement, houses, ofces, roads, bridges and water supply system such as dams and cement is the main part in concrete. It becomes hard when it is mixed with water [1-7]. Tere are two common types of cement hydraulic and non- hydraulic which are based on the ability of the cement that can be hardened or set by the chemical interaction with water, Portland cement is one of the extensively used types of cement and it is the hydraulic sort that means it can be hardened under water. Te chemical composition of Portland cement consists of lime (calcium oxide, CaO) mixed with silica (silicon dioxide, SiO 2 ), usually containing calcium sulfate (CaSO 4 ) and alumina (aluminum oxide, Al 2 O 3 ) [8,9]. Te top three countries for producing cement, in particular Portland cement are, China, India and the USA. Between 2005 to 2010 China to produce 2,480 million tons of cement per year. Because of most fast developing building construction and population growth in most countries and especially in Kurdistan where there are a lot of mountains with a wide range of limestone that is suitable for producing cement, demand on cement industry year afer year will be more. Terefore, a lot of cement industries come to Kurdistan to establish factories and to provide cement for the foundations and structures of the buildings which we live and work in. Cement plants have been named the 17 most pollutant industries by the central control board. For instance, Bazian cement plant established since 2008 in Kurdistan located about 30 kilometers away from Sulaimanyah, is able to produce is about 2.5 million tons per year. With certainty, all cement factories to some extent has cause environmental pollution. Te most important point of view is that we must be concerned with the environment and at least, we would be able to reduce the rate of pollution by the cement industry. Te three major types of environmental pollution by cement the industry are air, water and soil pollution which are dangerous for human health. Cement industry releases carbon dioxide into air directly by the heating of limestone, as well as the blasting in quarries causes of dust and pollutes air. Te likewise, water can be polluted by the cement industry by the way of throwing their waste into the water system and this will lead to increased alkalinity levels of the water as high as 12 pH Soil composition made up 45 percent of mineral, 25 percent of air, 25 percent of water and only 5 percent of organic matter, therefore soil can be polluted by the Cement industry by exchanging their properties such as increasing levels of the toxic substances in soil, and a change in pH, K, Ca, Mg, and soil organic matter. Tis research paper will focus on soil pollution due to the cement plants [10,11]. Methodology For the determination of the physiochemical properties of the contaminated soil samples 600 model Plaintest micro was used to determine the pH, TDS, and electric conductivity respectively (600 modle Plaintest micro, UK). In addition, for the determination of the anions concentration Sulphate and Nitrate in the contaminated water samples, UV/Visible Spectrophotometer was employed (modle 6705 UV/Vis Jenway, UK). While, for the Cations concentration which are (Ca +2 , Pb +2 ), instrumental techniques were employed to determine the concentrations. Tese instruments are respectively fame photometer for calcium determination (Model PFP7 Jenway, UK), and Atomic absorption spectrophotometer for Lead Concentration (Model 210/211/ Buck Scientifc) [12-21]. Results and Discussion Results Te parameters in control soil like electrical conductivity, pH, lead Soil Pollution by the Cement Industry in the Bazian Vicinity, Kurdistan Region Saima Jadoon 1 *, Abdulfattah Ahmad Amin 2 , Arif Malik 3 and Hamza Kamal 1 * 1 Department of Natural Resources Engineering and Management, University of Kurdistan Hewlêr, Erbil, Iraq 2 Erbil Technology Institute, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Kurdistan, Iraq 3 Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan Abstract The three most signifcant things in our life are air, water, and soil which are essential for life and any imbalance of these three cause a big problem in nature. Soil is one of the most common agents in life and supplies us with all the basic necessities. Portland cement is one of the common types of cement which is used in construction nowadays. But soil can be polluted by cement plants, where cement industries are established. The chemical composition of cement is a mixture of calcium aluminum silicate also, a trace amount of Cd, Pb, Fe, Ti and silica. According to several chemical analyses the area surrounding industries show that the further the area is from the factory, the better as soil pollution decreases. In this research paper, we checked the physiochemical pH, electrical conductivity, nitrate ions, sulphate ions, Lead ions and calcium ions content in soil in the Bazian area. The area is far from the surrounding industries and this shows that the further the area is from the factory, the better as soil pollution decreases. There is positive correlation between the calcium ions and electrical conductivity. There is negative correlation between pH and concentration of lead ions. There is also weak correlation between sulphate and nitrate ions concentrations in soil samples. *Corresponding authors: Saima Jadoon, Department of Natural Resources Engineering and Management, University of Kurdistan Hewlêr, Erbil, Iraq, Tel: +009647510307184; E-mail: saima.jadoon95@gmail.com Hamza Kamal, Department of Natural Resources Engineering and Management, University of Kurdistan Hewlêr, Erbil, Iraq, E-mail: h.kamal1@ukh.edu.krd Received July 11, 2016; Accepted October 17, 2016; Published October 24, 2016 Citation: Jadoon S, Amin AA, Malik A, Kamal H (2016) Soil Pollution by the Cement Industry in the Bazian Vicinity, Kurdistan Region. J Environ Anal Toxicol 6: 413. doi: 10.4172/2161-0525.1000413 Copyright: © 2016 Jadoon S, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.