Buildings 2022, 12, 218. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12020218 www.mdpi.com/journal/buildings
Article
BIM in the Center of Digital Transformation of the
Construction Sector—The Status of BIM Adoption in
North Macedonia
†
Lihnida Stojanovska-Georgievska
1,
*, Ivana Sandeva
1
, Aleksandar Krleski
1
, Hristina Spasevska
1
,
Margarita Ginovska
1
, Igor Panchevski
1,2
, Risto Ivanov
2
, Ignasi Perez Arnal
3
, Tomo Cerovsek
4
and Tomas Funtik
5
1
Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies, Ss Cyril and Methodius University,
Rugjer Boskovic 18, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia; ivana@feit.ukim.edu.mk (I.S.);
krleski@feit.ukim.edu.mk (A.K.); hristina@feit.ukim.edu.mk (H.S.); gmarga@feit.ukim.edu.mk (M.G.);
igor@kreacija.org (I.P.)
2
Kreacija Association of Business and Consultants Skopje, Nikola Parapunov 41, 1000 Skopje,
North Macedonia; risto@kreacija.org
3
BIM Academy, WITS Institute SL, Calle de Mallorca 346, 08013 Barcelona, Spain;
ignasiperezarnal@bimacademy.es
4
Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Kongresni trg 12, 1000 Ljubljana,
Slovenia; tomo.cerovsek@fgg.uni-lj.si
5
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 11,
810 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; tomas.funtik@stuba.sk
* Correspondence: lihnida@feit.ukim.edu.mk; Tel.: +389-71-39-77-80
† This paper is an extended version of our paper published in the 9th Annual Edition of Sustainable Places
(SP 2021) Conference, Rome, Italy, 29 September 2021; p. 8.
Abstract: The building sector nowadays has come to the stage where it needs a “digital” renovation.
This is to be accomplished by an introduction of change into the methodology of construction and
using new tools and technologies, such as BIM technology. This paper gives an insight into the
status of BIM adoption in North Macedonia. It presents the threefold actions toward introduction
of BIM in the national construction industry. These actions refer to scanning the current situation
regarding digitalization of the sector, then taking promotional actions to express the benefits of BIM,
and finally identifying and proposing the most suitable measures, summarized in the proposal of
the National Roadmap for BIM adoption. The methods used consist of a brief literature review of
the global status of BIM development. Then, the results of a survey conducted on more than 300
respondents representing a sample of building professionals in the country are discussed, and the
barriers for successful BIM adoption are accordingly identified. The next step is to showcase the
potential benefits of BIM for assessment of energy performance of buildings. As a final point, the
conclusions drafted toward identification of the most important challenges are addressed in the
proposed National Roadmap for BIM adoption.
Keywords: digitalization; BIM; construction; productivity; energy performance; BIM roadmap
1. Introduction
Construction serves as an integral part of the economy worldwide. About 6% of
global GDP is generated by engineering and construction (E&C) activities, or approxi-
mately $10 trillion in the annual revenue. However, if we consider the level of productiv-
ity, the industry is failing to keep up with the gains made by other industries [1]. This
disables wider growth of national economies, especially ones that rely more on construc-
tion, which is the case in North Macedonia. This industry has a very low level of adoption
Citation: Stojanovska-Georgievska,
L.; Sandeva, I.; Krleski, A.;
Spasevska, H.; Ginovska, M.;
Panchevski, I.; Ivanov, R.; Arnal, I.P.;
Cerovsek, T.; Funtik, T. BIM in the
Center of Digital Transformation of
the Construction Sector—The Status
of BIM Adoption in North
Macedonia. Buildings 2022, 12, 218.
https://doi.org/10.3390/build-
ings12020218
Academic Editor: Bo Xia
Received: 24 December 2021
Accepted: 9 February 2022
Published: 15 February 2022
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