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Table 1. Modified CT severity index [6].
Points
Pancreatic inflammation
Normal pancreas
Intrinsic pancreatic abnormalities with or without inflammatory changes in peripancreatic fat
Pancreatic or peripancreatic fluid collection or peripancreatic fat necrosis
0
2
4
Pancreatic necrosis
None
=30%
>30%
0
2
4
Extrapancreatic complications
Presence of one or more of pleural effusion, ascites, vascular complications, parenchymal
complications, or gastrointestinal tract involvement
2
AISP - 29
th
National Congress. Bologna (Italy). September 15-17, 2005.
Imaging Techniques for Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis:
Multidetector Computed Tomography
Lucia Calculli
1
, Raffaele Pezzilli
2
, Riccardo Casadei
3
, Marta Fiscaletti
1
, Giampaolo Gavelli
1
Departments of
1
Radiology, Department of
2
Internal Medicine and
3
Department of Surgery,
Sant’Orsola-Malpighi Hospital. Bologna, Italy
In clinical practice, it is important to establish
the severity of acute pancreatitis as soon as
possible. At present, the assessment of the
severity of acute pancreatitis is defined
according to the Atlanta clinical criteria [1].
From the clinical point of view we know that
the severity of acute pancreatitis is related to
the age of patients, the male sex, and the
alcoholic and idiopathic etiology of the illness
[2]. Furthermore, from a microbiological
point of view, the infection of the necrosis
reaches a peak in the third week from the
onset of an acute attack of pancreatitis [3].
Imaging plays an important role in answering
the clinical question: is the pancreatitis mild
or severe? The best way to answer to this
question is to determine the presence of
pulmonary or pleuric alterations at chest X-
ray, associated or not with an increase in
serum creatinine greater than 2 mg/dL. This
simple severity assessment has already been
demonstrated in clinical practice and a
multicenter Italian study was published in
1999 [4]. The authors demonstrated that in
539 acute pancreatitis patients, 163 of whom
(30.2%) had necrotizing pancreatitis, the
presence of pulmonary or pleural alterations
with or without a creatinine concentration
greater than 2 mg/dL had a sensitivity of 60%
and a specificity of 88% in evaluating the
presence of necrosis, a sensitivity of 73% and
a specificity of 75% in evaluating the
presence of infected necrosis, and a sensitivity
of 90% and a specificity of 76% in evaluating
the mortality rate. However, computed
tomography (CT) and the recently introduced
multidetector CT (MDCT) had an important
role in defining not only the presence of