Two new cecidosid moths from Chile 127 Overlooked gall-inducing moths revisited, with the description of Andescecidium parrai gen. et sp. n. and Oliera saizi sp. n. from Chile (Lepidoptera, Cecidosidae) Gabriela T. Silva 1 , Gilson R.P. Moreira 1 , Héctor A. Vargas 2 , Gislene L. Gonçalves 2,3 , Marina D. Mainardi 4 , Germán San Blas 5 , Donald Davis 6 1 PPG Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil 2 Departamento de Recursos Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Tarapacá, Casilla 6-D, Arica, Chile 3 PPG Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil 4 Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil 5 Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, La Pampa 6300, Argentina 6 Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 37012-7012, USA Corresponding author: Gilson R.P. Moreira (gilson.moreira@ufrgs.br) Academic editor: E. van Nieukerken  | Received 29 May 2018 | Accepted 17 September 2018 | Published 12 November 2018 http://zoobank.org/AC7C3779-0662-4D52-972F-F55556024CA1 Citation: Silva GT, Moreira GRP, Vargas HA, Gonçalves GL, Mainardi MD, Blas GS, Davis D (2018) Overlooked gall-inducing moths revisited, with the description of Andescecidium parrai gen. et sp. n. and Oliera saizi sp. n. from Chile (Lepidoptera, Cecidosidae). ZooKeys 795: 127–157. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.795.27070 Abstract Tere are still many gall systems associated with larvae of Lepidoptera in which the true gall-inducers have not been identifed to species. Reports on misidentifcation of gall inducers have been recurrent for these galls, particularly in complex gall-systems that may include inquilines, kleptoparasites, and cecidophages, among other feeding guilds such as predators and parasitoid wasps. Here we describe and illustrate the adults, larvae, pupae and galls, based on light and scanning microscopy, of Andescecidium parrai gen. et sp. n. and Oliera saizi sp. n., two sympatric cecidosid moths that are associated with Schinus polygamus (Cav.) Cabrera (Anacardiaceae) in central Chile. Adults, immatures, and galls of the former did not con- form to any known cecidosid genus. Galls of A. parrai are external, spherical, and conspicuous, being known for more than one century. However, their induction has been mistakenly associated with either ZooKeys 795: 127–157 (2018) doi: 10.3897/zookeys.795.27070 http://zookeys.pensoft.net Copyright Gabriela T. Silva et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. RESEARCH ARTICLE Launched to accelerate biodiversity research A peer-reviewed open-access journal