Linguistics in the Netherlands 2007, 1–13.
issn 0929–7332 / e-issn 1569–9919 © Algemene Vereniging voor Taalwetenschap
A ‘mini’ relative clause analysis for
reduplicated attributive adjectives*
Enoch O. Aboh
Universiteit van Amsterdam
1. Introduction
In Gungbe (Kwa), predicative adjectives follow the modified DP (1a). ese adjec-
tives show verbal properties: ey combine with tense/aspect markers (1b–c) and
undergo predicate cleſting similarly to lexical verbs (1d–e).
(1) a. Àvún lf kló b. Àvún lf ná kló c. Àvún éhè nf kló
dog Det big dog Det Fut big dog this Hab big
‘e dog is big’ ‘e dog will get big’ ‘Such dog gets big’
d. Kló àvún lf kló tàùn e. Gbó àvún lf gbó
big dog Det big very bark dog Det bark
‘e dog is very big’ ‘e dog barked’
is pattern extends to most Gungbe predicative adjectives, except for adjectives
denoting color, size, and shape. ese take a verb, which combines with tense/
aspect markers and undergoes predicate fronting, unlike the adjective (2).
(2) a. [Àvún lf] *(2ì) yù b. Àvún lf ná *(2ì) yù
dog Det resemble black dog Det Fut resemble black
‘e dog is black’ ‘e dog will turn black’
c. * Yù àvún lf 2ì yù d. 2ì àvún lf *(2ì) yù
black dog Det resemble black resemble dog Det resemble black
‘e dog is black’ ‘e dog is black’
Attributive adjectives occur between the noun and the determiner lf, but the ad-
jectives in (1a) must reduplicate (3a), unlike those in (2) which don’t (3b).
(3) a. Àvún kíkló lf b. Àvún yù(*yù) lf
dog big.big Det dog black.black Det
‘e big dog’ ‘e black dog’