International Journal of Research and Reviews in Computer Science (IJRRCS)
Vol. 3, No. 4, August 2012, ISSN: 2079-2557
1792
© Science Academy Publisher, United Kingdom
www.sciacademypublisher.com/journals/index.php/IJRRCS
Smart Card Adoption Model: Social and Ethical Perspectives
Hamed Taherdoost
1
, Shamsul Sahibuddin
2
, Meysam Namayandeh
3
, Neda Jalaliyoon
1
, Alaeddin
Kalantari
2
, and Saman Shojae Chaeikar
4
1
Faculty of Computer Science and Information System, Islamic Azad University, Semnan Branch, Semnan, Iran
2
Advanced Informatics School, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
3
Faculty of Computer Science and Information System, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr Branch, Tehran, Iran
4
Faculty of Computer Science and Information System, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad Branch, Khorramabad, Iran
Email: hamed.taherdoost@gmail.com
Abstract – In the current growth of information technology (IT), without realizing, smart cards have been brought as an ideal
device for any transaction such as transportation, healthcare, ecommerce, telecommunication, banking and many other
applications. Smart card improved the quality of services in terms of security and customization for users. Recognition of
aspects which affect on smart card usage is crucial for sophisticated consumer with respect to ethical action and reaction,
where knowing the customers ethical and behavioral intention to employ smart cards should be the main part in any decision-
making procedure. In this study, a short review on ethical scenarios are introduced to identify personal understanding of ethical
circumstances by using smart cards and furthermore, an adoption model is developed from the ethical and social perspective
based on previous acceptance models, ethical frameworks and ethical scenarios.
Keywords – Smart Card, Adoption, Computer Ethics, Technology Acceptance, Intention to Use, Attitude toward Usage,
Customer Satisfaction
1. Introduction
Smart card is called ‘smart’ because it contains a
computer chip. Indeed, smart card is often referred to as ‘chip
card’ or ‘integrated circuit card’ [34]. Smart card is a simple
plastic card just as a size of credit cards that provides
maximum security and convenience, and also data
portability. It makes possible sophisticated and portable data
processing applications, and has proven to be more reliable
than magnetic strip cards. The interest in smart card
technologies worldwide is driven by several factors,
including security against identity theft, web fraud, efficiency
of service delivery and user convenience [35].
Smart cards are secure devices that enable positive user
identification and they are multi-functional, cost effective
devices that can be easily adapted for both physical and
logical access. Logical access control concerns such familiar
principles as password checking or the more sophisticated
cryptographic mechanisms for authentication such as
windows logon, virtual private network (VPN) access,
network authentication, biometric storage and others.
Physical access control relates to ID badges and building
access control. Importantly, smart cards technology includes
a wide range of applications and additional physical forms,
than just plastic cards [34].
Over the past century, it is undeniable that social
constructivist and information technology has achieved a
bright technological development for us. It has facilitated the
globally interdependent technology in which we use, has
altered our sense of our place in the universe [28]. Using
smart card is emerging day by day throughout daily
advertisement, posters and social programs.
To ensure successful effect of information technology,
various controls and measures is implemented, current
policies, smart card application and guidelines between
information technology developers are the most useful
examples of information technology (IT) growth [36]. An
interesting point of analysis on these topics is on ethical
issues which remain the heart of this study in order to
develop and suggest a model to realize problems and
complicated concern on smart card adoption and related
ethical behavior.
For novel technology development in any educated
society, acceptance measurement is more significant rather
than relevant advantages and usefulness. In fact, user
acceptance is considerable and ongoing progress that likely
be made in improving the human-computer interface where
public use of smart cards may root from educational basis to
ethical behavior of end user under the certain circumstances
of information and telecommunication technology [36].
As with so many other subjects, ethics is best understood
when its principles are applicable in real life situations, and
bridging the gap between theory and practice would be one of
the biggest challenges of scholars. For that reason, while
developing a social model based on our research we have
developed a learning approach to supplement the suggested
model and relevant social models. The scenario themes are
based on experiences and observations during our previous
research on computer ethics and smart card technology
acceptance. However, lack of appropriate awareness and
planning in undeveloped courtiers would be the current
difficulty of many researchers and scholars [38]. From ethical
point of view [28] and smart card adoption model [24],
people prefer to use smart card due to following reasons
stated as follows: ease of use, usefulness, transaction speed,