VOL. 11, NO. 6, MARCH 2016 ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
© 2006-2016 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.
www.arpnjournals.com
3759
SOIL INVESTIGATION USING MULTICHANNEL ANALYSIS OF
SURFACE WAVE (MASW) AND BOREHOLE
Aziman Madun
1,2
, Muhammad Ersyad Ahmad Supa’at
1
, Saiful Azhar Ahmad Tajudin
1,2
, Mohd Hazreek
Zainalabidin
1,2
, Salina Sani
1,2
and Mohd Fairus Yusof
1,2
1
Department of Infrastructure and Geomatic, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
2
Research Centre for Soft Soil, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
E-Mail: aziman@uthm.edu.my
ABSTRACT
Multichannel Analysis Surface Wave (MASW) measurement is one of geophysics exploration techniques to
determine the soil profile based on velocity. Meanwhile borehole intrusive technique identifies the changes of soil layer
based on SPT N value. Both techniques were applied at the University campus test site and Parit Jelutong as part of soil
investigation. A 7 kg of sledge hammer was used as source, 24 units of 4.5 Hz geophones used as detectors (receivers) and
Terraloc Mark 8 ABEM was used as a recorder. SeisImager software was used for seismic data processing. The MASW
test configuration was 5 m geophones spacing and 5 m source offset distance at Parit Jelutong, and used 1 m geophones
spacing and 2 m offset distance at the University campus test site. All the MASW test array was conducted near to the
boreholes. The reliable seismic results at Parit Jelutong were from depth 0.5 m to 14 m and 3.7 m to 27 m the University
campus test site, respectively. Comparison between MASW and borehole data indicates that a very soft clay shear wave
velocity is below than 165 m/s, soft clay at 170 m/s to 195 m/s and firm layer at 194 m/s to 317 m/s. There was not
available shear wave velocity result of hard material. In conclusion, the MASW technique is potential to adapt in soil
investigation to compliment the intrusive technique, which is non-destructive, non-invasive nature and relative speed of
assessment.
Keywords: multichannel analysis of surface wave, site investigation, shear wave.
INTRODUCTION
In situ field testing enables larger volumes of soil
to be tested and so tends to be more representative of the
soil mass compared with laboratory testing. In situ field
tests have an advantage as samples do not need to be
retrieved. For very soft clays, sands and gravels, sampling
is a major problem because these materials easily change
their soil structure and, as a result, produce disturbed
samples. Good correlations have been produced between
field tests and laboratory tests, which has led to acceptance
of field techniques (Charles and Watt, 2002). Of the range
of in situ tests, penetration testing, dynamic probing,
pressuremeter testing, field vane shear testing, plate
loading testing and geophysical testing are used for site
investigations. Cost and time constraint factors are the
main reasons why it is not easy to investigate the
subsurface completely. Hence, site investigation may only
involve the laboratory testing of samples collected by site
personnel or field testing for limited areas. This may lead
to either an underestimate or overestimate of the strength
of the existing subsurface. Therefore, to achieve greater
certainty of the site investigation, a robust approach is
needed to adopt. Geophysical methods can provide
excellent resolution of spatial variability across a site. The
main advantages with such an approach are their non-
destructive, non-invasive nature and relative speed of
assessment. If calibrated, details of stiffness with depth
can be relatively easily obtained.
The choice of which geophysics tests to use
depends on the parameters to be examined. However,
obtaining the soil stiffness profile is particularly important
in the site investigation (Mitchell and Jardine, 2002).
Amongst geophysical methods, the seismic method based
results are empirically derived Geotechnical properties
such as maximum shear modulus, bulk modulus (B),
Young’s modulus (E), and Poisson’s ratio (Charles and
Watts, 2002; Crice, 2005). The seismic-based techniques
have proved particularly useful in determining the shear
modulus profile from site investigation (Moxhay et al.,
2001; Siti Zuraidah et al., 2015). There are two methods of
obtaining seismic wave data that can potentially be used
for site investigation (1) borehole methods and (2) surface
methods (Menzies, 2001). The surface wave data
collection uses the surface method, which is more versatile
than other methods because it is not constrained by any
ground models and considered more economical in terms
of field operation (Matthews et al., 2000).
The Multi-channel Surface Wave (MSW) method
originated 50 years ago in Japan and was called the micro-
tremor survey method (MSM). In the late 1990s,
electronic equipment for the MSW was developed by the
Kansas Geological Survey called multi-channel analysis of
surface wave, MASW (Park et al., 1999). This technique
has been developed and tested for applications in civil
engineering, for example, for site characterisation (Long
and Donohue, 2007) and for compaction control by
measuring the decay of soil vibrations (Adam et al., 2007)
and quality of stone column (Madun et al., 2012). The
approach of the MSW offers considerable advantages over
conventional surface wave analysis techniques that are